Understanding Fables and Structural Examples
Fables Are: Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Types, Examples - Terminally, fables originate from the Latin fabula. Fable stories are stories about animal life that behave like humans. Fables are fiction, not real life stories. Fable stories are often called moral stories because the messages in fable stories are closely related to morals.
Do you believe that learning is not only in humans? We can be in what is on earth, for example learning in nature, plants, or animals. The entire life of a plant species in a habitat is called flora, while the whole life of an animal species is called a fauna. In this lesson you will be invited to understand and examine the text of fable stories. The characters in fable stories are usually animals. The text of the fable story not only tells the life of animals, but also tells the story of human life with all its characters.
The animals in the fable story have characters like humans. Some of their characters are good and some are not good. They are honest, polite, smart and happy to be friends, and do good things. There are those who are cunning, wicked, arrogant, like to cheat, and want to win themselves. Fable stories are not only aimed at children, but also at adults.
After reading and understanding the text of a fable story, we can learn from the animal characters. The fable story becomes one of the potential means in instilling moral values. You can learn and emulate the good characters of the animal so that we have good character.
See the Core List:
Understanding Fables Is
Fables are a fairy tale that features animals as the main character. These figures can think, feel, talk, behave and interact like humans. Fables are didactic for education. Fables are used as metaphors of human life and to educate people.
Fable Characteristics
The fable characteristics are as follows:
The main character of the animal.
The plot is simple.
Short story and fast moving.
Character characters are not described in detail.
Verbal narrative style.
Messages or themes are sometimes written in stories.
The introduction is very short and direct.
Fable Story Text Structure
The title is the head of the essay that serves to direct the reader's mind about a general description of the contents of the fable.
Orientation is a sentence contained at the beginning of a story whose function is to recognize time, place & character / character.
Complications are a part of / where / a problem / or / story conflict arises.
The climax is the conflict reaches its peak.
Resolution is the problem solving or conflict resolution part of a story.
Code is a moral message from the author (not all authors put the code in the story) or problem solving.
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Types of Fable Types
Judging from the time of the appearance of the fable can be categorized into classical fables and modern fables, namely:
Classical Fable
Classical fables are stories that have existed since time immemorial, but do not know the exact time of their emergence, which was passed down through generations through oral means.
The characteristics of classical fables are as follows:
Very short story.
Simple theme.
Thick with advice / morals.
Animal nature is still inherent.
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Modern Fable
Modern fable is a story that appears a story that appeared in a relatively short time and deliberately written by the author as an expression of literature.
The characteristics of modern fables are as follows:
Stories can be short or long.
More complicated theme.
Sometimes it is epic or saga.
The character of each character is unique.
Also Read Articles That May Be Related: Diction (Choice of Word) Definition and (Function - Terms - Examples)
How To Compose Or Make Fable Story Text
Observe the behavior of animals that are around you, then determine the interesting things that you observe so that it becomes the theme of your writing. Suggested themes are related to the good that can be drawn from animal behavior.
Make a fable story text framework that consists of the structure of the text, namely orientation, complications, resolution, and koda. You must remember the part that includes orientation, complications, resolution, and code.
Make a main idea or ideas that you want to write in the four parts of the text.
Connect the main ideas in each section by using the conjunctions that you have learned. If necessary, you can create and add other sentences so that your text becomes more interesting and easier to understand.
When composing text based on your observations, you must apply linguistic elements, such as spelling, choice of words, punctuation, and sentences.
After you successfully compile the text of the fable story, read and examine the text of your work again. Complete the deficiencies and errors that occur. Then, discuss your work with your teacher. Ask him to read and examine it. If it is considered perfect, publish the text that you have compiled in the school wall magazine or you can send it to the mass media in your area. Before publishing, correct the results of the text arranged according to your friends and teacher's input.
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Language Rules Text Fable Story
Language rules or commonly referred to as linguistic elements are characteristics of the language used in a text such as fable stories. As for the following I will explain the linguistic elements or linguistic rules from the text of the fable story as follows.
Verb
One of the rules or linguistic elements in a fable story text is the existence of verbs. Verbs in fable stories are grouped into two parts, namely transitive active verbs and intransitive active verbs.
Transitive Active Verbs, are active verbs that require objects in the sentence, for example holding, lifting.
Intransitive Active Verbs, are active verbs that do not require objects in sentences, such as silence.
The use of the words Si Si and Sang
In fable story texts very often there is the use of the word clothing si and sang. The following is the use of the article si and sang in the text of the fable story.
Example:
1) The ant goes around the park while greeting animals in the park.
2) The ant taunts an ugly cocoon that can't go anywhere.
3) The ant always prides himself on being able to go to the place he likes.
4) The cocoon is silent to hear the ridicule.
5) "I am the cocoon you once taunted," said the butterfly.
The rules of writing si and sang are separate from the words they follow. The word si and sang are written in lowercase letters, not capital letters. Consider the example of use in these sentences. Differentiate with the following example.
1) "How do you make your child study hard?" Asks the mother.
2) The two people, Little and Little Mouse, are helpers at the market.
Small words in sentence 1) are written in lowercase letters because they are not names. In sentence 2) Small is written with the letter / K / capital because it is intended as a nickname or nickname.
Use of Adverbs of Place and Time
In fable story texts usually use adverbs of place and adverbs of time to liven up the atmosphere. For place information, the preposition is usually used at the time and time is usually used prepositions on or words that indicate time information.
Example:
It is said that on a sunny day there was an ant walking in the park.
One morning the ant returned to the park. Because of the rain, there are mud puddles everywhere.
The butterfly lifts the branch and drops it in a safe place.
You can only hang on that branch.
The Use of Hyphenates Then, Then and Finally
The word last and then has the same meaning. The word is used as a link between antimatalimat and intracalimat. The final word is usually used to conclude and end information in paragraphs or in text.
Example:
After hearing the news of the fire, Amir went outside, then ran, then shouted while crying.
Then, the ant holds the branch tightly.
Then, the ant thanked the butterfly because the butterfly saved his life.
Finally, the ant promised the butterfly that he would not insult all God's creatures in the garden.
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Examples of Fable Stories
Noble Hearted Butterfly
Orientation
It is said that on a sunny day there was an ant walking around in a garden. He was very happy, because he could walk to see the beautiful garden. The ant goes around the park while greeting animals in the park.
Complications
He saw a cocoon in the tree, the ant mocking the ugly shape of the cocoon that could not go anywhere. "Hey, cocoon how ugly you are. You can only hang on that branch. Come on a walk, see this vast world. What will your fate be if the branch breaks? "
The ant always prides himself on being able to go to the place he likes. Even the powerful ant lifts a greater weight than his body. The ant feels that he is the most wonderful animal. The cocoon just said nothing to hear the ridicule. One morning the ant returned to the park, because there was rain everywhere there was a pool of mud.
Slippery mud makes the ants slip into the mud. He fell into the mud. The ant almost sank into the puddle. Ants scream as loud as possible to ask for help "Please, help me! I want to sink, please ... please ... !!
Resolution
Luckily at that time there was a butterfly that flew past, then the butterfly stuck a twig toward the ant. "Ants, hold on tightly to that rating !! later I will lift the branch. Then the ant holds the branch tightly.
The butterfly lifts the branch and drops it in a safe place. Then the ant thanks the butterfly because the butterfly saved his life. He praised the butterfly as a great and praiseworthy animal. Hearing that compliment, the butterfly said to the ant. "I am the cocoon that has been ridiculed" said the butterfly, apparently the cocoon he had taunted had saved himself ".
Koda
Finally the ant promised the butterfly that he would not insult all God's creatures in the garden.
Extrinsic element in fiction
(i.e. elements outside the story but greatly affect the course of a fiction)
State of subjectivity of individual authors who have attitudes.
Confidence.
The view of life as a whole will affect the work he wrote.
Psychology, both in the form of author psychology such as economics, politics, and social
View of a nation's life.
Various other art works and so on.
Language Rules of Text Fiction
Language Rules of Fiction
The rules or grammar in the text of the physics story are:
Metaphor, which is a parable that is often used to compare an object or describe directly on the basis of the same nature.
Metonimia, which is the style of language used, certain words are used instead of actual words, but their use is only on words that have close ties.
Simile (equation), this is used as an explicit comparison with the intention of stating something with other things. For example: like, properly, like, etc.
Little Darlings Challenges is References and Informing the Education Journal Access for All Student in the World
Definition of Text, Fiction and Text Structure
Definition of Text, Fiction and Text Structure
Do you know what is meant by fiction? Have you ever read a short story or novel? If you have read a short story or novel, then you are reading a fiction. Now for more details what is a fiction story, consider carefully the following description.
Text-Stories-Fiction
Understanding Fiction
Fiction is a word that comes from English fiction which means imaginary. Fiction means a story that does not actually occur. More broadly, the notion of fiction is a work of literature that is imaginary or imagined by the writer and not an actual event. In other words, fiction does not actually occur in the real world, but only based on one's imagination, thoughts, or imagination.
Even though fiction is only the imagination of the writer, fiction still makes sense and can contain truths that can dramatize human relations.
Fictional stories are usually based on history, events or life experiences of the writer or other people peppered with the imaginations of the authors.
There are several types of artwork included in fiction such as:
short story
novel
romance
drama
soap operas, etc.
Understanding Fiction According to Experts
To better understand what fiction is, here are the opinions of experts about fiction
1. Krismarsanti
The definition of fiction according to Krismarsanti is an essay that contains a story or story made based on the imagination or imagination of the author.
2. Thani Ahmad
Definition of fiction according to Thani Ahma is a narrative story that arises from the author's imagination and does not care about historical facts.
3. Henry Guntur Tarigan
Henry Guntur Tarigan defines fiction as a work of literature derived from the writer's imagination.
4. Semi
Definition of fiction according to Semi is a type of literary narrative and is in the form of a fictional author's story regardless of reality.
Characteristics of Fiction
Based on the understanding of the fiction above, we can recognize a work of fiction with the following characteristics:
Fiction is fictional or the imagination of the author
In fiction there is relative or not absolute truth
Generally fiction uses language that is connotative or not real
Fiction does not have a standard systematics
Generally, fiction targets readers' emotions or feelings, not logic
In fiction there are certain moral or commission messages
Types of Fiction and Examples of Fiction
We have already discussed briefly the types of fiction literary works. For more details, here are the types of fiction:
Novel
The novel is a fictional story that tells a main character full of pros and cons in the story. Starting from beginning to end, the novel has a climax or ending.
The characteristics of the novel are
Not read once sat
The plot leads to multiple incidents or events
The character's character is fully developed.
Dimensions of space and time are broader, wider story and can reach wholeness in inclusion.
Some examples of novels include:
Dilan 1990
Siti Nurbaya
The sinking of the Vander Wick Ship
When love glorifies God
Romance
Romance is a work of fiction that tells the life of a person or several figures from birth to death. Roman stories usually contain lots of wisdom and tend to lead to classic stories. Romance is also many kinds such as Roman adventure, psychological psychology, romance romance, and others.
Some examples of Roman literary works, namely:
Frogs Want to Be Cows (Roman Psychology)
Four Age Girls (Romance Romance)
Si Dul Anak Jakarta (Roman Child and Teenager)
World Hell (Roman Education)
Look for a Virgin Thief (Roman Criminal and Detective)
Short story
Short stories are works of fiction with stories that are more short and more dense than novels and romance.
The characteristics of short stories are:
Can be read in one sitting
The plot leads only to a single incident or incident
The character's character is not fully developed if the character is good then only the goodness is told while the other traits are not
The dimensions of space and time are limited, the story is more contained, centered and deep, reaching wholeness in exclusion.
Some short story titles include:
Dear Former, the work of Rizki Dwi Lestari
Trophy for Riska, by Yacinta Artha Prasanti
Forgive Me, My People, by Hamka Firmansyah
Sorry, Flawless
Sekardus Uang Cinta Untuk Lala, by Benny Hakim Benardie
Structure of Fiction
Fiction story has the following structure
Abstract. That is the part that contains a short story from the whole story or contains the core story of a fictional text. This section is optional, may or may not be available.
Orientation. This section explains the theme, background, and characters in the novel. This section is usually located at the beginning of the story and becomes a clarification of the fiction in the novel.
Complications. The section that contains the problems that begin to face the characters in the story.
Evaluation. That is part of the story that contains a discussion of solving or solving problems faced by the characters, but not yet over.
Resolution. That is the part that contains the core problem solving of the problems faced by the characters.
Koda (reoriented). That is the part that contains the message of a story or moral message that is picked from fiction
Elements of a Fiction
The elements in fiction are divided into two, namely intrisic and extrinsic elements.
The intrinsic element of fiction
Theme. Namely the basic ideas or ideas that form the basis of a literary work contained in the text.
Figure. Namely the actors in the story.
Plot / plot. That is the sequence of events.
Conflict. Namely the problems faced by the characters in the story.
Climax. Is the end of the conflict, or conflict that has reached a high level of intensity and this can not be avoided.
Background. Namely the place, time and atmosphere where the events are told.
Mandate. Is a moral message conveyed by the author through the story he made.
Viewpoint. Is the author's perspective in presenting characters, actions, settings, and various events that shape the story to the reader. The point of view can be the first person marked by the word "I", the second person's point of view is marked by the word "you," and the third person's point of view is marked by the word "he or they".
Do you know what is meant by fiction? Have you ever read a short story or novel? If you have read a short story or novel, then you are reading a fiction. Now for more details what is a fiction story, consider carefully the following description.
Text-Stories-Fiction
Understanding Fiction
Fiction is a word that comes from English fiction which means imaginary. Fiction means a story that does not actually occur. More broadly, the notion of fiction is a work of literature that is imaginary or imagined by the writer and not an actual event. In other words, fiction does not actually occur in the real world, but only based on one's imagination, thoughts, or imagination.
Even though fiction is only the imagination of the writer, fiction still makes sense and can contain truths that can dramatize human relations.
Fictional stories are usually based on history, events or life experiences of the writer or other people peppered with the imaginations of the authors.
There are several types of artwork included in fiction such as:
short story
novel
romance
drama
soap operas, etc.
Understanding Fiction According to Experts
To better understand what fiction is, here are the opinions of experts about fiction
1. Krismarsanti
The definition of fiction according to Krismarsanti is an essay that contains a story or story made based on the imagination or imagination of the author.
2. Thani Ahmad
Definition of fiction according to Thani Ahma is a narrative story that arises from the author's imagination and does not care about historical facts.
3. Henry Guntur Tarigan
Henry Guntur Tarigan defines fiction as a work of literature derived from the writer's imagination.
4. Semi
Definition of fiction according to Semi is a type of literary narrative and is in the form of a fictional author's story regardless of reality.
Characteristics of Fiction
Based on the understanding of the fiction above, we can recognize a work of fiction with the following characteristics:
Fiction is fictional or the imagination of the author
In fiction there is relative or not absolute truth
Generally fiction uses language that is connotative or not real
Fiction does not have a standard systematics
Generally, fiction targets readers' emotions or feelings, not logic
In fiction there are certain moral or commission messages
Types of Fiction and Examples of Fiction
We have already discussed briefly the types of fiction literary works. For more details, here are the types of fiction:
Novel
The novel is a fictional story that tells a main character full of pros and cons in the story. Starting from beginning to end, the novel has a climax or ending.
The characteristics of the novel are
Not read once sat
The plot leads to multiple incidents or events
The character's character is fully developed.
Dimensions of space and time are broader, wider story and can reach wholeness in inclusion.
Some examples of novels include:
Dilan 1990
Siti Nurbaya
The sinking of the Vander Wick Ship
When love glorifies God
Romance
Romance is a work of fiction that tells the life of a person or several figures from birth to death. Roman stories usually contain lots of wisdom and tend to lead to classic stories. Romance is also many kinds such as Roman adventure, psychological psychology, romance romance, and others.
Some examples of Roman literary works, namely:
Frogs Want to Be Cows (Roman Psychology)
Four Age Girls (Romance Romance)
Si Dul Anak Jakarta (Roman Child and Teenager)
World Hell (Roman Education)
Look for a Virgin Thief (Roman Criminal and Detective)
Short story
Short stories are works of fiction with stories that are more short and more dense than novels and romance.
The characteristics of short stories are:
Can be read in one sitting
The plot leads only to a single incident or incident
The character's character is not fully developed if the character is good then only the goodness is told while the other traits are not
The dimensions of space and time are limited, the story is more contained, centered and deep, reaching wholeness in exclusion.
Some short story titles include:
Dear Former, the work of Rizki Dwi Lestari
Trophy for Riska, by Yacinta Artha Prasanti
Forgive Me, My People, by Hamka Firmansyah
Sorry, Flawless
Sekardus Uang Cinta Untuk Lala, by Benny Hakim Benardie
Structure of Fiction
Fiction story has the following structure
Abstract. That is the part that contains a short story from the whole story or contains the core story of a fictional text. This section is optional, may or may not be available.
Orientation. This section explains the theme, background, and characters in the novel. This section is usually located at the beginning of the story and becomes a clarification of the fiction in the novel.
Complications. The section that contains the problems that begin to face the characters in the story.
Evaluation. That is part of the story that contains a discussion of solving or solving problems faced by the characters, but not yet over.
Resolution. That is the part that contains the core problem solving of the problems faced by the characters.
Koda (reoriented). That is the part that contains the message of a story or moral message that is picked from fiction
Elements of a Fiction
The elements in fiction are divided into two, namely intrisic and extrinsic elements.
The intrinsic element of fiction
Theme. Namely the basic ideas or ideas that form the basis of a literary work contained in the text.
Figure. Namely the actors in the story.
Plot / plot. That is the sequence of events.
Conflict. Namely the problems faced by the characters in the story.
Climax. Is the end of the conflict, or conflict that has reached a high level of intensity and this can not be avoided.
Background. Namely the place, time and atmosphere where the events are told.
Mandate. Is a moral message conveyed by the author through the story he made.
Viewpoint. Is the author's perspective in presenting characters, actions, settings, and various events that shape the story to the reader. The point of view can be the first person marked by the word "I", the second person's point of view is marked by the word "you," and the third person's point of view is marked by the word "he or they".
Characteristics of the Explanatory Text Language and Examples
Characteristics of the Explanatory Text Language and Examples
After identifying the text structure of the 'Earthquake' explanatory text you will learn about the language characteristics of the Explanatory text. Characteristics of explanatory text languages are as follows.
Focus on general things (generic), not human participants (nonhuman participants), for example earthquakes, floods, rain and air.
It is possible to use scientific terms
Use time conjunctions or clauses, for example if, if, so, before, first and then.
The language is concise, interesting and clear
Examples of identifying language features of the text "Earthquakes"
Interpretation
Earthquakes can occur at any time, without knowing the season. However, earthquake concentrations tend to occur in certain places, such as the Pacific Plate boundary. This place is known for its ring of fire because of the many volcanoes.
Earthquake
Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks that occur due to the movement of the rock layers that originate from the bottom or subsurface of the earth. Natural events that often occur in areas close to volcanoes and also in areas surrounded by vast oceans.
The earthquake occurred because of the shifting of the earth's lower layers and the terrible volcanic eruption. In addition, earthquakes occur so quickly with such a devastating impact. Therefore, the consequences are extraordinary. Earthquake vibrations are very strong and propagate in all directions so that it can destroy buildings and cause casualties.
Based on the cause of the occurrence, earthquakes can be classified into two, namely tectonic earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes occur because the layer of the earth's crust becomes precarious or soft so it experiences movement. The "Tectonic Plate" theory contains an explanation that our earth consists of several layers of rock. Most of the crustal area will be washed away and float in layers, like snow.
This layer moves so slowly that it breaks and collides with one another. That is why earthquakes occur. Meanwhile, volcanic earthquakes occur because of an extremely devastating volcanic eruption. This volcanic earthquake is less common when compared to tectonic earthquakes.
Earthquakes can occur at any time, without knowing the season. However, earthquake concentrations tend to occur in certain places, such as the Pacific Plate boundary. This place is known for its ring of fire because of the many volcanoes.
Information:
Identify the language features of the text according to the color markers for each language option.
Focus on general things (generic), not human participants (nonhuman participants), for example earthquakes, floods, rain and air.
It is possible to use scientific terms.
Use time conjunctions or clauses, for example if, if, so, before, first and then.
The language is concise, interesting and clear.
Purpose of the Explanation Text
Explanations are used to calculate why things turn out that way. Exploration is more a process than about something.
Example: The purpose of the Earthquake explanation text is to explain the process / phenomenon of earthquakes.
Example Text Explanation for the theme "Unemployment"
Example-Text-Explanation-Social-Phenomena-Unemployment
Social phenomenon "Unemployment"
Unemployment is one of the social phenomena related to aspects of employment which is a problem in society. Like a disease, which chronically attacks aspects of social life. Many handling formulas have been taken, but this problem has not yet been resolved. Not only in Indonesia, this unemployment problem is found in almost all countries. Every government in the world, makes the problem of unemployment the main agenda.
In general, many interpret that unemployment is adults who do not work, are looking for work or do not have a formal job and do not get income. In addition, the Central Statistics Agency "BPS" specifically defines unemployment, ie people who work less than 1 hour every week.
There are some very basic factors that cause unemployment. Unemployment usually occurs because of the gap between job seekers and job opportunities. Unemployment can also be caused by structural changes in the economy. This change raises the need for workers with different types or levels of skills. So the qualifications possessed by job seekers do not match the existing demands. And what often also happens is unemployment caused by termination of employment with employees and laborers.
As a result of unemployment that is causing various economic and social problems for those who experience it. People who do not have a livelihood also do not earn income and those who do not earn cannot spend money to buy the necessities of life. If the number of unemployed people is certain, social chaos will arise, the number of homeless people will increase rapidly, then the potential to cause crime.
From the whole description above, it is clear that unemployment is a big problem that must be immediately sought a solution. The real step that can be taken is to improve employment conditions. With better employment conditions, social violence due to unemployment can be reduced or overcome.
And besides that, improving the composition of graduate graduates produced and adjusted to the needs of the labor market. An even better step is if we are able to provide adequate skills for those of working age so that they can create their own jobs. All these steps must be taken immediately so that the problem of unemployment is immediately resolved.
Example Text Explanation of Social Phenomena "Slum Settlement" Theme
Example-Text-Explanation-Phenomenon-Social-Slum-Settlement
Slum, slum area
The city is considered a work field for rural residents. The high population in Indonesia especially in metropolitan cities raises several problems, especially in the social and economic fields. The high price of a piece of land in an overseas area forced them into the urban areas to build in improper places which eventually led to slums. Slums are non-habitable settlements (dwellings / settlements) that are usually established illegally or not in accordance with applicable permits.
Many factors cause slums. The rapid flow of urbanization that is difficult to reduce is a key factor. The number of factories and companies in the city is a special attraction for the villagers. However, due to lack of provision in terms of both education and experience, they end up being unemployed. And in the end, establishing uninhabitable settlements. High poverty rates make them unable to buy building materials and parcels of land. Never mind buying even a piece of land to eat they lack.
After identifying the text structure of the 'Earthquake' explanatory text you will learn about the language characteristics of the Explanatory text. Characteristics of explanatory text languages are as follows.
Focus on general things (generic), not human participants (nonhuman participants), for example earthquakes, floods, rain and air.
It is possible to use scientific terms
Use time conjunctions or clauses, for example if, if, so, before, first and then.
The language is concise, interesting and clear
Examples of identifying language features of the text "Earthquakes"
Interpretation
Earthquakes can occur at any time, without knowing the season. However, earthquake concentrations tend to occur in certain places, such as the Pacific Plate boundary. This place is known for its ring of fire because of the many volcanoes.
Earthquake
Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks that occur due to the movement of the rock layers that originate from the bottom or subsurface of the earth. Natural events that often occur in areas close to volcanoes and also in areas surrounded by vast oceans.
The earthquake occurred because of the shifting of the earth's lower layers and the terrible volcanic eruption. In addition, earthquakes occur so quickly with such a devastating impact. Therefore, the consequences are extraordinary. Earthquake vibrations are very strong and propagate in all directions so that it can destroy buildings and cause casualties.
Based on the cause of the occurrence, earthquakes can be classified into two, namely tectonic earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes occur because the layer of the earth's crust becomes precarious or soft so it experiences movement. The "Tectonic Plate" theory contains an explanation that our earth consists of several layers of rock. Most of the crustal area will be washed away and float in layers, like snow.
This layer moves so slowly that it breaks and collides with one another. That is why earthquakes occur. Meanwhile, volcanic earthquakes occur because of an extremely devastating volcanic eruption. This volcanic earthquake is less common when compared to tectonic earthquakes.
Earthquakes can occur at any time, without knowing the season. However, earthquake concentrations tend to occur in certain places, such as the Pacific Plate boundary. This place is known for its ring of fire because of the many volcanoes.
Information:
Identify the language features of the text according to the color markers for each language option.
Focus on general things (generic), not human participants (nonhuman participants), for example earthquakes, floods, rain and air.
It is possible to use scientific terms.
Use time conjunctions or clauses, for example if, if, so, before, first and then.
The language is concise, interesting and clear.
Purpose of the Explanation Text
Explanations are used to calculate why things turn out that way. Exploration is more a process than about something.
Example: The purpose of the Earthquake explanation text is to explain the process / phenomenon of earthquakes.
Example Text Explanation for the theme "Unemployment"
Example-Text-Explanation-Social-Phenomena-Unemployment
Social phenomenon "Unemployment"
Unemployment is one of the social phenomena related to aspects of employment which is a problem in society. Like a disease, which chronically attacks aspects of social life. Many handling formulas have been taken, but this problem has not yet been resolved. Not only in Indonesia, this unemployment problem is found in almost all countries. Every government in the world, makes the problem of unemployment the main agenda.
In general, many interpret that unemployment is adults who do not work, are looking for work or do not have a formal job and do not get income. In addition, the Central Statistics Agency "BPS" specifically defines unemployment, ie people who work less than 1 hour every week.
There are some very basic factors that cause unemployment. Unemployment usually occurs because of the gap between job seekers and job opportunities. Unemployment can also be caused by structural changes in the economy. This change raises the need for workers with different types or levels of skills. So the qualifications possessed by job seekers do not match the existing demands. And what often also happens is unemployment caused by termination of employment with employees and laborers.
As a result of unemployment that is causing various economic and social problems for those who experience it. People who do not have a livelihood also do not earn income and those who do not earn cannot spend money to buy the necessities of life. If the number of unemployed people is certain, social chaos will arise, the number of homeless people will increase rapidly, then the potential to cause crime.
From the whole description above, it is clear that unemployment is a big problem that must be immediately sought a solution. The real step that can be taken is to improve employment conditions. With better employment conditions, social violence due to unemployment can be reduced or overcome.
And besides that, improving the composition of graduate graduates produced and adjusted to the needs of the labor market. An even better step is if we are able to provide adequate skills for those of working age so that they can create their own jobs. All these steps must be taken immediately so that the problem of unemployment is immediately resolved.
Example Text Explanation of Social Phenomena "Slum Settlement" Theme
Example-Text-Explanation-Phenomenon-Social-Slum-Settlement
Slum, slum area
The city is considered a work field for rural residents. The high population in Indonesia especially in metropolitan cities raises several problems, especially in the social and economic fields. The high price of a piece of land in an overseas area forced them into the urban areas to build in improper places which eventually led to slums. Slums are non-habitable settlements (dwellings / settlements) that are usually established illegally or not in accordance with applicable permits.
Many factors cause slums. The rapid flow of urbanization that is difficult to reduce is a key factor. The number of factories and companies in the city is a special attraction for the villagers. However, due to lack of provision in terms of both education and experience, they end up being unemployed. And in the end, establishing uninhabitable settlements. High poverty rates make them unable to buy building materials and parcels of land. Never mind buying even a piece of land to eat they lack.
Text Framework for Explanation of Social Phenomena in Linguistics
Text Framework for Explanation of Social Phenomena in Linguistics
Topic: Street buskers who are seen negatively by the public
Objective: To find out the causes and reasons for the emergence of negative views and opinions by the public on street buskers
Theme: Negative Stigma of Street Artists
Template Context Text:
Definition of street buskers
The factors that cause buskers are viewed negatively by the public
Variety of street buskers backgrounds
Public opinion of buskers
Top artists who have worked as street buskers
Pattern of solving negative stigma against street buskers
Street Musicians Explanation Structures:
General statement = Paragraph 1
Row of Explanation (contents) = Paragraphs 2, 3, 4, and 5
Interpretation (Closing) = Paragraph 6
Example Text Explanation of Natural Disasters and Their Structures
Example-Text-Explanation-Disaster-Nature-Along-Its-Structure
Example;
The negative stigma of the community towards the existence of buskers has been going on for a long time. Many factors cause this to happen. These factors, among others, because most people consider this profession bad. The public assumes that all street buskers are uneducated not familiar with the criminal black world, and many others. The factors above are only a handful of various reasons that arise in the community related to their negative responses to street buskers.
Many things are the background of people - to take to the streets and busking. Some are because it is almost economic that they have to take to the streets for a bite of rice. There is also a background for channeling their hobbies and interests. It is common for students who become buskers because their interests and hobbies are singing and playing music.
Communities in big cities that use private and public transportation modes may already be accustomed to the street buskers that blend with hawkers, beggars, homeless people, etc. The response of ordinary people about street buskers varied, some claimed to be quite entertained and happy about their existence. Many more feel annoyed and uncomfortable with them. The dream of buskers is made worse by the large number of criminal cases involving street buskers as the culprit.
Street buskers should not be seen with only one eye. There are a number of the world's top artists to the world who pioneered his career from the streets. Domestically there is Charlie Van Houten, who used to be a member of one of the most famous bands in the World. He claimed to start his career busking from one train station to another. There are also Tegar, Aris 'Idol', etc. Abroad, there is a famous band in his day that is even legendary until now the famous band The Beatles. There is also Ed Sheeran who was once a street busker around the O2 arena in London, England. He has been recognized as a great musician, plus the many awards he has achieved including the most prestigious in the world music industry "Grammy Awards". The artists above are clear proof that street buskers should not be underestimated.
Responding to the existence of street singers must be seen from two sides. This pattern of problem solving must be done at all levels of society. The government must also play a role in educating and guiding street buskers to become better individuals in the future. We as a society must be wise. As the saying goes "don't just judge a book by its cover", maybe it's time we use this saying in response to the existence of street buskers around us.
Earthquake
Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks that occur due to the movement of the rock layers that originate from the bottom or subsurface of the earth. Natural events that often occur in areas close to volcanoes and also in areas surrounded by vast oceans.
The earthquake occurred because of the shifting of the earth's lower layers and the terrible volcanic eruption. In addition, earthquakes occur so quickly with such a devastating impact. Therefore, the consequences are extraordinary. Earthquake vibrations are very strong and propagate in all directions so that it can destroy buildings and cause casualties.
Based on the cause of the occurrence, earthquakes can be classified into two, namely tectonic earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes occur because the layer of the earth's crust becomes precarious or soft so it experiences movement. The "Tectonic Plate" theory contains an explanation that our earth consists of several layers of rock. Most of the crustal area will be washed away and float in layers, like snow.
This layer moves so slowly that it breaks and collides with one another. That is why earthquakes occur. Meanwhile, volcanic earthquakes occur because of an extremely devastating volcanic eruption. This volcanic earthquake is less common when compared to tectonic earthquakes.
Earthquakes can occur at any time, without knowing the season. However, earthquake concentrations tend to occur in certain places, such as the Pacific Plate boundary. This place is known for its ring of fire because of the many volcanoes.
Explanation Text Structure
After reading the text "Earthquake", you certainly find the parts in the form of general statements (opening), a series of explanations (content), and interpretation / closing (not necessarily there). The parts become text buildings, explanations as shown in the following chart.
General Statement
1) Contains a general statement about a topic, which will explain the process of its existence, the process of its occurrence, the process of its existence, the process of its occurrence, the process of its formation, etc.
2) Must be concise, interesting, and clear, which is able to arouse the reader's interest to read the details.
Explanatory Series
1) Contains detailed explanation of the process of existence, the process of occurrence.
2) It is very relative to answer ‘how’ questions, the answer of which is a statement or the answer in the form of a statement
3) It is possible to remember that the process needs to be explained in stages, first, second, third, etc. or first, next, last.
Closing / Interpretation
Contains conclusions or statements about the topic / process described from the explanatory text example above.
The example identifies the structure of the Earthquake explanatory text
General Statement
Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks that occur due to the movement of the rock layers that originate from the bottom or subsurface of the earth. Natural events that often occur in areas close to volcanoes and also in areas surrounded by vast oceans.
The earthquake occurred because of the shifting of the earth's lower layers and the terrible volcanic eruption. In addition, earthquakes occur so quickly with such a devastating impact. Therefore, the consequences are extraordinary. Earthquake vibrations are very strong and propagate in all directions so that it can destroy buildings and cause casualties.
Explanatory Series
Based on the cause of the occurrence, earthquakes can be classified into two, namely tectonic earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes occur because the layer of the earth's crust becomes precarious or soft so it experiences movement. The "Tectonic Plate" theory contains an explanation that our earth consists of several layers of rock. Most of the crustal area will be washed away and float in layers, like snow. This layer moves so slowly that it breaks and collides with one another. That is why earthquakes occur. Meanwhile, volcanic earthquakes occur because of an extremely devastating volcanic eruption. This volcanic earthquake is less common when compared to tectonic earthquakes.
Topic: Street buskers who are seen negatively by the public
Objective: To find out the causes and reasons for the emergence of negative views and opinions by the public on street buskers
Theme: Negative Stigma of Street Artists
Template Context Text:
Definition of street buskers
The factors that cause buskers are viewed negatively by the public
Variety of street buskers backgrounds
Public opinion of buskers
Top artists who have worked as street buskers
Pattern of solving negative stigma against street buskers
Street Musicians Explanation Structures:
General statement = Paragraph 1
Row of Explanation (contents) = Paragraphs 2, 3, 4, and 5
Interpretation (Closing) = Paragraph 6
Example Text Explanation of Natural Disasters and Their Structures
Example-Text-Explanation-Disaster-Nature-Along-Its-Structure
Example;
The negative stigma of the community towards the existence of buskers has been going on for a long time. Many factors cause this to happen. These factors, among others, because most people consider this profession bad. The public assumes that all street buskers are uneducated not familiar with the criminal black world, and many others. The factors above are only a handful of various reasons that arise in the community related to their negative responses to street buskers.
Many things are the background of people - to take to the streets and busking. Some are because it is almost economic that they have to take to the streets for a bite of rice. There is also a background for channeling their hobbies and interests. It is common for students who become buskers because their interests and hobbies are singing and playing music.
Communities in big cities that use private and public transportation modes may already be accustomed to the street buskers that blend with hawkers, beggars, homeless people, etc. The response of ordinary people about street buskers varied, some claimed to be quite entertained and happy about their existence. Many more feel annoyed and uncomfortable with them. The dream of buskers is made worse by the large number of criminal cases involving street buskers as the culprit.
Street buskers should not be seen with only one eye. There are a number of the world's top artists to the world who pioneered his career from the streets. Domestically there is Charlie Van Houten, who used to be a member of one of the most famous bands in the World. He claimed to start his career busking from one train station to another. There are also Tegar, Aris 'Idol', etc. Abroad, there is a famous band in his day that is even legendary until now the famous band The Beatles. There is also Ed Sheeran who was once a street busker around the O2 arena in London, England. He has been recognized as a great musician, plus the many awards he has achieved including the most prestigious in the world music industry "Grammy Awards". The artists above are clear proof that street buskers should not be underestimated.
Responding to the existence of street singers must be seen from two sides. This pattern of problem solving must be done at all levels of society. The government must also play a role in educating and guiding street buskers to become better individuals in the future. We as a society must be wise. As the saying goes "don't just judge a book by its cover", maybe it's time we use this saying in response to the existence of street buskers around us.
Earthquake
Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks that occur due to the movement of the rock layers that originate from the bottom or subsurface of the earth. Natural events that often occur in areas close to volcanoes and also in areas surrounded by vast oceans.
The earthquake occurred because of the shifting of the earth's lower layers and the terrible volcanic eruption. In addition, earthquakes occur so quickly with such a devastating impact. Therefore, the consequences are extraordinary. Earthquake vibrations are very strong and propagate in all directions so that it can destroy buildings and cause casualties.
Based on the cause of the occurrence, earthquakes can be classified into two, namely tectonic earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes occur because the layer of the earth's crust becomes precarious or soft so it experiences movement. The "Tectonic Plate" theory contains an explanation that our earth consists of several layers of rock. Most of the crustal area will be washed away and float in layers, like snow.
This layer moves so slowly that it breaks and collides with one another. That is why earthquakes occur. Meanwhile, volcanic earthquakes occur because of an extremely devastating volcanic eruption. This volcanic earthquake is less common when compared to tectonic earthquakes.
Earthquakes can occur at any time, without knowing the season. However, earthquake concentrations tend to occur in certain places, such as the Pacific Plate boundary. This place is known for its ring of fire because of the many volcanoes.
Explanation Text Structure
After reading the text "Earthquake", you certainly find the parts in the form of general statements (opening), a series of explanations (content), and interpretation / closing (not necessarily there). The parts become text buildings, explanations as shown in the following chart.
General Statement
1) Contains a general statement about a topic, which will explain the process of its existence, the process of its occurrence, the process of its existence, the process of its occurrence, the process of its formation, etc.
2) Must be concise, interesting, and clear, which is able to arouse the reader's interest to read the details.
Explanatory Series
1) Contains detailed explanation of the process of existence, the process of occurrence.
2) It is very relative to answer ‘how’ questions, the answer of which is a statement or the answer in the form of a statement
3) It is possible to remember that the process needs to be explained in stages, first, second, third, etc. or first, next, last.
Closing / Interpretation
Contains conclusions or statements about the topic / process described from the explanatory text example above.
The example identifies the structure of the Earthquake explanatory text
General Statement
Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks that occur due to the movement of the rock layers that originate from the bottom or subsurface of the earth. Natural events that often occur in areas close to volcanoes and also in areas surrounded by vast oceans.
The earthquake occurred because of the shifting of the earth's lower layers and the terrible volcanic eruption. In addition, earthquakes occur so quickly with such a devastating impact. Therefore, the consequences are extraordinary. Earthquake vibrations are very strong and propagate in all directions so that it can destroy buildings and cause casualties.
Explanatory Series
Based on the cause of the occurrence, earthquakes can be classified into two, namely tectonic earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes occur because the layer of the earth's crust becomes precarious or soft so it experiences movement. The "Tectonic Plate" theory contains an explanation that our earth consists of several layers of rock. Most of the crustal area will be washed away and float in layers, like snow. This layer moves so slowly that it breaks and collides with one another. That is why earthquakes occur. Meanwhile, volcanic earthquakes occur because of an extremely devastating volcanic eruption. This volcanic earthquake is less common when compared to tectonic earthquakes.
Sample Explanatory Text: Definition and Structure of Language
Sample Explanatory Text: Definition and Structure of Language
Examples of Explanatory Texts: Understanding, Structure, Characteristics, Language Rules - This explanatory text material has not been found in textbooks that refer to the previous curriculum. Besides that, the availability of references about this material on the internet also turns out to be still very minimal. This situation is inversely reversed by the fact of the Google search engine which notes that the demand for information with the keyword "explanatory text" is quite high. That is, there are many people out there who are in need of discussion relating to this text.
An event both natural events and social events that occur around us, always have a causal relationship and have a process. An event that happens around us, not only for us to observe and feel, but also for us to learn. We can study the incident, for example in terms of why and how it happened.
Text-Explanation
Understanding Explanation Text According to Experts
Explanation comes from a foreign language (English) which means the act of explaining or explaining and explaining information, statements or facts (The Contemporary English-Indonesian Dictionary: 651). Understanding Explanation Text (Explanation Text) is a text that contains about processes related to natural phenomena, social, scientific, cultural, and others.
While Restuti (2013: 85) says that the notion of explanatory text is a text that explains or explains the process or natural and social phenomena.
And According to (Mahsun, 2013: 189): This text is structured with a structure consisting of parts that show a general statement (opening), a series of explanations (content), and interpretation / closing. The general statement section contains brief information about what was said. The explanatory row contains a sequence of descriptions or explanations about the events that occurred. Meanwhile, the interpretation section contains the author's brief opinion about the event that occurred. This section is the closing text of explanation which may or may not exist.
Purpose of the Explanation Text
The purpose of writing explanatory texts is to explain the process of creating something that happens naturally, or the process of working of natural and social phenomena.
Explanation Text Structure
The explanatory text has a structure that consists of general statements, followed by a sequence of cause and effect and ends with interpretation. To understand more about these structures, please refer to the following description.
General Statement, Contains a general explanation of the phenomenon to be discussed, can be in the form of an introduction to the phenomenon or an explanation. The general explanation written in this text is a general description of what, why, and how the process of natural events can occur.
Explanatory Row, Containing an explanation of the process why the phenomenon can occur or created and can consist of more than one paragraph. Rows of explanations describe and detail the causes and consequences of a natural disaster that occurred.
Interpretation (Optional), optional closing text; not a requirement. The concluding text in question is, the text which is the essence or conclusion of a general statement and explanatory sequence. Optionally it can be a response or take a conclusion on the statement contained in the text (Mahsun, 2013)
Schematic Explanation
General Statement, Contains a general statement on a topic, which will explain the process of its existence, its occurrence process, the process of its formation, etc. It must be concise, interesting and clear, which can arouse the reader's interest to read the details.
Sequence of explanations, Contains detailed explanation of the existence process, the process of occurrence. Very relative to answer the question how, the answer in the form of a statement or declarative sentence. The use of sequence markers is very possible considering the process needs to be explained in stages, first, second, third, etc. or first, next, last.
Closing, Contains conclusions or statements about the topic / process described.
Writing explanatory texts is a component that is learned in a teaching and learning activity. This text writing activity is an activity of the students' observations about the text. The final result of a learning is to write the results of student observations about this text, both the content, structure, and language contained in the explanatory text.
Characteristics of the Explanation Text
Explanation text has 3 characteristics that can facilitate us to distinguish between explanatory texts and other texts, the following will be an explanation of the three characteristics of explanatory texts.
The structure consists of general statements, the sequence of causes and effects and interpretations as explained above earlier.
Contains information based on "factual" facts.
The fact is that it contains scientific or scientific information such as science and others.
Rule of Text Explanation
Explanatory texts generally have the following language characteristics:
Focus on general "generic" non-human participants (nonhuman participants) such as earthquakes, floods, rain and air.
It is possible to use scientific terms.
Use more material and relational verbs "active verbs".
Use conjunctions of time and vows for example if, if, so, before, first and then.
Use passive sentences.
Explanations are written to justify that something explained causally is true.
Example Text Explanation of Social Phenomena
Example-Text-Explanation-Social-Phenomena
Street performer
The increasingly mushrooming street singers at this time, especially in big cities seems to cause its own problems. There are those who respond positively but many more respond negatively. Street buskers are dancers, singers, or music players who perform shows on the streets by moving - moving from one vehicle to another. Street buskers are attached to street child symbols depicted filthy, dirty, naughty, criminal, etc. The poor view of the public on street buskers raises its own problems that deserve to be discussed.
Examples of Explanatory Texts: Understanding, Structure, Characteristics, Language Rules - This explanatory text material has not been found in textbooks that refer to the previous curriculum. Besides that, the availability of references about this material on the internet also turns out to be still very minimal. This situation is inversely reversed by the fact of the Google search engine which notes that the demand for information with the keyword "explanatory text" is quite high. That is, there are many people out there who are in need of discussion relating to this text.
An event both natural events and social events that occur around us, always have a causal relationship and have a process. An event that happens around us, not only for us to observe and feel, but also for us to learn. We can study the incident, for example in terms of why and how it happened.
Text-Explanation
Understanding Explanation Text According to Experts
Explanation comes from a foreign language (English) which means the act of explaining or explaining and explaining information, statements or facts (The Contemporary English-Indonesian Dictionary: 651). Understanding Explanation Text (Explanation Text) is a text that contains about processes related to natural phenomena, social, scientific, cultural, and others.
While Restuti (2013: 85) says that the notion of explanatory text is a text that explains or explains the process or natural and social phenomena.
And According to (Mahsun, 2013: 189): This text is structured with a structure consisting of parts that show a general statement (opening), a series of explanations (content), and interpretation / closing. The general statement section contains brief information about what was said. The explanatory row contains a sequence of descriptions or explanations about the events that occurred. Meanwhile, the interpretation section contains the author's brief opinion about the event that occurred. This section is the closing text of explanation which may or may not exist.
Purpose of the Explanation Text
The purpose of writing explanatory texts is to explain the process of creating something that happens naturally, or the process of working of natural and social phenomena.
Explanation Text Structure
The explanatory text has a structure that consists of general statements, followed by a sequence of cause and effect and ends with interpretation. To understand more about these structures, please refer to the following description.
General Statement, Contains a general explanation of the phenomenon to be discussed, can be in the form of an introduction to the phenomenon or an explanation. The general explanation written in this text is a general description of what, why, and how the process of natural events can occur.
Explanatory Row, Containing an explanation of the process why the phenomenon can occur or created and can consist of more than one paragraph. Rows of explanations describe and detail the causes and consequences of a natural disaster that occurred.
Interpretation (Optional), optional closing text; not a requirement. The concluding text in question is, the text which is the essence or conclusion of a general statement and explanatory sequence. Optionally it can be a response or take a conclusion on the statement contained in the text (Mahsun, 2013)
Schematic Explanation
General Statement, Contains a general statement on a topic, which will explain the process of its existence, its occurrence process, the process of its formation, etc. It must be concise, interesting and clear, which can arouse the reader's interest to read the details.
Sequence of explanations, Contains detailed explanation of the existence process, the process of occurrence. Very relative to answer the question how, the answer in the form of a statement or declarative sentence. The use of sequence markers is very possible considering the process needs to be explained in stages, first, second, third, etc. or first, next, last.
Closing, Contains conclusions or statements about the topic / process described.
Writing explanatory texts is a component that is learned in a teaching and learning activity. This text writing activity is an activity of the students' observations about the text. The final result of a learning is to write the results of student observations about this text, both the content, structure, and language contained in the explanatory text.
Characteristics of the Explanation Text
Explanation text has 3 characteristics that can facilitate us to distinguish between explanatory texts and other texts, the following will be an explanation of the three characteristics of explanatory texts.
The structure consists of general statements, the sequence of causes and effects and interpretations as explained above earlier.
Contains information based on "factual" facts.
The fact is that it contains scientific or scientific information such as science and others.
Rule of Text Explanation
Explanatory texts generally have the following language characteristics:
Focus on general "generic" non-human participants (nonhuman participants) such as earthquakes, floods, rain and air.
It is possible to use scientific terms.
Use more material and relational verbs "active verbs".
Use conjunctions of time and vows for example if, if, so, before, first and then.
Use passive sentences.
Explanations are written to justify that something explained causally is true.
Example Text Explanation of Social Phenomena
Example-Text-Explanation-Social-Phenomena
Street performer
The increasingly mushrooming street singers at this time, especially in big cities seems to cause its own problems. There are those who respond positively but many more respond negatively. Street buskers are dancers, singers, or music players who perform shows on the streets by moving - moving from one vehicle to another. Street buskers are attached to street child symbols depicted filthy, dirty, naughty, criminal, etc. The poor view of the public on street buskers raises its own problems that deserve to be discussed.
Definition of Editorial Text and Structure Objectives
Definition of Editorial Text and Structure Objectives
Definition of Editorial Texts, Objectives, Structure, Functions, and Complete Examples - Educators, have you ever heard the term editorial text? If you often read a newspaper such as a magazine or newspaper, in the newspaper usually a lot of news that contains a collection of facts and information that is useful for you. But in addition to news, usually in the newspaper also presents other columns that contain opinions or opinions written by the editor in chief. Now the column containing the opinions or opinions of the editor in chief is called the editorial text.
Are you still confused with editorial texts? if you are still confused, see Understanding Editorial Text, Objectives, Structure, Functions, Benefits, and Examples of Complete Editorial Text below.
Definition of Editorial Text
Editorial text is an article in a newspaper which is the editor's opinion or view of an event that is actual or is being hotly debated when the newspaper is published. The actual issue or problem can be in the form of political, social or economic problems related to politics. Examples of issues raised include the increase in fuel, cabinet reshuffle, import policies, etc. Editorial texts usually appear regularly in newspapers or magazines.
Editorial texts are opinions or opinions written by the editors of a media on actual issues in society. The opinion written by the editor is considered as the official view of a publisher or media on an actual issue.
Although the editorial text is an opinion or opinion, but in writing it can not be arbitrary. Writing opinions or opinions must be accompanied by facts, evidence and logical arguments.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Debate Text: Definition, Elements, Purpose, Debate Characteristics, Structure, Debate Procedures and Examples
Understanding Editorial Text According to Experts
According to Dja'far H Assegaf in his book "journalism today" quoted from Lyle Spencer in "editorial writing", the editorial is a statement of facts and opinions in a concise, logical, interesting manner in terms of writing and aims to influence opinions or provide interpretations to a story that stands out in such a way that for most readers of the newspaper will listen to the importance of the meaning of the news presented earlier (Dja'far H. Assegaff: 1991).
Purpose of Editorial Text
There are at least 2 main objectives of the editorial text:
Editorial text aims to invite the reader to participate in thinking about the actual issues that are hotly discussed or are happening in the surrounding life.
Editorial texts aim to provide opinions or editor's views to the reader on developing issues.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Understanding Text Reviews, Examples, Characteristics, Purpose, Structure and Rules
Benefits of Editorial Text
Provide information to the reader
Useful to stimulate the reader's thinking
Editorial texts are sometimes able to move the reader to action.
Editorial Text Function
Editorial text has several functions including, as follows:
The editorial function generally explains the news and its effects on the community.
Provide background from the news's relation with social reality and influencing factors more thoroughly.
Sometimes there is a condition analysis that serves to prepare the community for the possibilities that can occur.
Forward the moral assessment of the news.
Characteristics of Editorial Text:
The topic of editorial texts is always hot (developing and widely discussed by the public), is actual and factual.
Editorial texts are systematic and logical.
Editorial text is an opinion / opinion that is argumentative.
Editorial text is interesting to read, because it is written using short, concise and clear sentences.
Editorial Text Structure
There are 3 structures that make up the editorial / opinion text, namely:
A statement of opinion (thesis), a part that contains the author's point of view about the problem discussed, usually contains a theory that will be strengthened by an argument.
Argumentation, is the reason or evidence used to strengthen the statement in the thesis. The arguments provided can be in the form of general questions / research data, statements of experts, as well as facts based on reliable references.
Statement / Reiteration (Reiteration), is a part that contains a reaffirmation of opinion supported by facts in the argumentation section to strengthen / confirm. Reaffirmation at the end of the text.
Also Read Articles That May Be Related: Examples of explanatory texts: Definition, Structure, Characteristics, Language Rules
Editorial Text Language Rule
The linguistic rules used in editorial technology are not much different from the complex procedure texts using material verbs.
Adverb, aims to make the reader believe the text discussed using adverbs such as always, often, usually, sometimes, rarely and so on.
Conjunction is a conjunctions in the text, like even and so forth.
Material verbs are verbs that show physical actions or events.
Rational verbs are verbs that show the relationship of intensity (Understanding B is C) and belonging (Containing understanding B has C)
Mental verb is a verb that shows perception (seeing, etc.), affection (worry and others), and cognition (understanding and others). In mental verbs there are partitions [am senses and phenomena.
Editorial Text Types
Editorial interpretation, this editorial aims to explain the issue by presenting facts and figures to provide knowledge.
Controversial editorial, editorial aims to convince readers of the desire or foster reader confidence in an issue. In this editorial the opposite opinion will usually be described worse.
Editorial explanatory, this editorial presents a problem or an issue to be assessed by the reader. Usually this editorial text aims to identify a problem and open the eyes of the community to pay attention to an issue.
Examples of Editorial Texts in Newspapers
Pre-Disaster Mitigation
AVAILABLE the umbrella before it rains, became an expression taught by the ancestors and became a benchmark for anticipating every problem that would come. For this reason, the government echoes mitigation programs for each disaster-prone area.
It is fitting for the government to carry out various prevention, preparedness, early warning, anticipation and mitigation efforts until disaster relief, Article 5 states that the government and regional governments are responsible for the implementation of disaster management.
The government preparedness and mitigation benchmarks are reflected in the earthquake twice. The first earthquake occurred with a magnitude of 6.4 on the Richter scale (SR) and there were no fatalities. In addition, there was also no tsunami along the coast of North Lombok.
And a week later, the earthquake shook North Lombok again, when residents were performing evening prayers. This time the earthquake was more powerful, namely 7 SR. Even though there was no tsunami, there were many casualties. Hundreds of residents died from building debris during the earthquake.
The National Disaster Management Agency notes that most of the victims died due to falling buildings. While the Climatology and Geophysics Meteorology Agency theorized that the first earthquake was a prelude, while the main earthquake or main earthquake was on August 5 with a magnitude of 7 SR. Next aftershocks with relatively smaller strength.
If examined from the explanation of two government agencies that are trusted to deal with the disaster, it means that there have been predictions that is an earthquake-prone area. Because, the area is above the earth's plate fault, so far away it should be able to do disaster mitigation.
The definition of mitigation itself according to that is an effort to reduce the risk of disaster for people who are in disaster prone areas. That means that in the North Lombok area the efforts should have been made, at least socialization to the community in the face of an earthquake. Socialization of anti-earthquake building construction and evacuation routes has been prepared.
Now Lampung is also an earthquake prone area, related to the position of Bumi Ruwa Jurai on the Eurasian and Australian plate faults. So that there will be a threat of casualties, if the government fails to provide mitigation before the disaster comes, suffering for many people will be a tragic scene that can not be avoided anymore.
Do not let the result of lack of mitigation, the coming disaster will take many victims. Especially if mitigation and disaster management are only used as projects. So, the victim who was very injured actually screamed even more in pain. Mitigation before a disaster strikes is a must.
Definition of Editorial Texts, Objectives, Structure, Functions, and Complete Examples - Educators, have you ever heard the term editorial text? If you often read a newspaper such as a magazine or newspaper, in the newspaper usually a lot of news that contains a collection of facts and information that is useful for you. But in addition to news, usually in the newspaper also presents other columns that contain opinions or opinions written by the editor in chief. Now the column containing the opinions or opinions of the editor in chief is called the editorial text.
Are you still confused with editorial texts? if you are still confused, see Understanding Editorial Text, Objectives, Structure, Functions, Benefits, and Examples of Complete Editorial Text below.
Definition of Editorial Text
Editorial text is an article in a newspaper which is the editor's opinion or view of an event that is actual or is being hotly debated when the newspaper is published. The actual issue or problem can be in the form of political, social or economic problems related to politics. Examples of issues raised include the increase in fuel, cabinet reshuffle, import policies, etc. Editorial texts usually appear regularly in newspapers or magazines.
Editorial texts are opinions or opinions written by the editors of a media on actual issues in society. The opinion written by the editor is considered as the official view of a publisher or media on an actual issue.
Although the editorial text is an opinion or opinion, but in writing it can not be arbitrary. Writing opinions or opinions must be accompanied by facts, evidence and logical arguments.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Debate Text: Definition, Elements, Purpose, Debate Characteristics, Structure, Debate Procedures and Examples
Understanding Editorial Text According to Experts
According to Dja'far H Assegaf in his book "journalism today" quoted from Lyle Spencer in "editorial writing", the editorial is a statement of facts and opinions in a concise, logical, interesting manner in terms of writing and aims to influence opinions or provide interpretations to a story that stands out in such a way that for most readers of the newspaper will listen to the importance of the meaning of the news presented earlier (Dja'far H. Assegaff: 1991).
Purpose of Editorial Text
There are at least 2 main objectives of the editorial text:
Editorial text aims to invite the reader to participate in thinking about the actual issues that are hotly discussed or are happening in the surrounding life.
Editorial texts aim to provide opinions or editor's views to the reader on developing issues.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Understanding Text Reviews, Examples, Characteristics, Purpose, Structure and Rules
Benefits of Editorial Text
Provide information to the reader
Useful to stimulate the reader's thinking
Editorial texts are sometimes able to move the reader to action.
Editorial Text Function
Editorial text has several functions including, as follows:
The editorial function generally explains the news and its effects on the community.
Provide background from the news's relation with social reality and influencing factors more thoroughly.
Sometimes there is a condition analysis that serves to prepare the community for the possibilities that can occur.
Forward the moral assessment of the news.
Characteristics of Editorial Text:
The topic of editorial texts is always hot (developing and widely discussed by the public), is actual and factual.
Editorial texts are systematic and logical.
Editorial text is an opinion / opinion that is argumentative.
Editorial text is interesting to read, because it is written using short, concise and clear sentences.
Editorial Text Structure
There are 3 structures that make up the editorial / opinion text, namely:
A statement of opinion (thesis), a part that contains the author's point of view about the problem discussed, usually contains a theory that will be strengthened by an argument.
Argumentation, is the reason or evidence used to strengthen the statement in the thesis. The arguments provided can be in the form of general questions / research data, statements of experts, as well as facts based on reliable references.
Statement / Reiteration (Reiteration), is a part that contains a reaffirmation of opinion supported by facts in the argumentation section to strengthen / confirm. Reaffirmation at the end of the text.
Also Read Articles That May Be Related: Examples of explanatory texts: Definition, Structure, Characteristics, Language Rules
Editorial Text Language Rule
The linguistic rules used in editorial technology are not much different from the complex procedure texts using material verbs.
Adverb, aims to make the reader believe the text discussed using adverbs such as always, often, usually, sometimes, rarely and so on.
Conjunction is a conjunctions in the text, like even and so forth.
Material verbs are verbs that show physical actions or events.
Rational verbs are verbs that show the relationship of intensity (Understanding B is C) and belonging (Containing understanding B has C)
Mental verb is a verb that shows perception (seeing, etc.), affection (worry and others), and cognition (understanding and others). In mental verbs there are partitions [am senses and phenomena.
Editorial Text Types
Editorial interpretation, this editorial aims to explain the issue by presenting facts and figures to provide knowledge.
Controversial editorial, editorial aims to convince readers of the desire or foster reader confidence in an issue. In this editorial the opposite opinion will usually be described worse.
Editorial explanatory, this editorial presents a problem or an issue to be assessed by the reader. Usually this editorial text aims to identify a problem and open the eyes of the community to pay attention to an issue.
Examples of Editorial Texts in Newspapers
Pre-Disaster Mitigation
AVAILABLE the umbrella before it rains, became an expression taught by the ancestors and became a benchmark for anticipating every problem that would come. For this reason, the government echoes mitigation programs for each disaster-prone area.
It is fitting for the government to carry out various prevention, preparedness, early warning, anticipation and mitigation efforts until disaster relief, Article 5 states that the government and regional governments are responsible for the implementation of disaster management.
The government preparedness and mitigation benchmarks are reflected in the earthquake twice. The first earthquake occurred with a magnitude of 6.4 on the Richter scale (SR) and there were no fatalities. In addition, there was also no tsunami along the coast of North Lombok.
And a week later, the earthquake shook North Lombok again, when residents were performing evening prayers. This time the earthquake was more powerful, namely 7 SR. Even though there was no tsunami, there were many casualties. Hundreds of residents died from building debris during the earthquake.
The National Disaster Management Agency notes that most of the victims died due to falling buildings. While the Climatology and Geophysics Meteorology Agency theorized that the first earthquake was a prelude, while the main earthquake or main earthquake was on August 5 with a magnitude of 7 SR. Next aftershocks with relatively smaller strength.
If examined from the explanation of two government agencies that are trusted to deal with the disaster, it means that there have been predictions that is an earthquake-prone area. Because, the area is above the earth's plate fault, so far away it should be able to do disaster mitigation.
The definition of mitigation itself according to that is an effort to reduce the risk of disaster for people who are in disaster prone areas. That means that in the North Lombok area the efforts should have been made, at least socialization to the community in the face of an earthquake. Socialization of anti-earthquake building construction and evacuation routes has been prepared.
Now Lampung is also an earthquake prone area, related to the position of Bumi Ruwa Jurai on the Eurasian and Australian plate faults. So that there will be a threat of casualties, if the government fails to provide mitigation before the disaster comes, suffering for many people will be a tragic scene that can not be avoided anymore.
Do not let the result of lack of mitigation, the coming disaster will take many victims. Especially if mitigation and disaster management are only used as projects. So, the victim who was very injured actually screamed even more in pain. Mitigation before a disaster strikes is a must.
Definition of Psychological Personality in General
Definition of Psychological Personality in General
General Understanding of Personality and Psychology and Characteristics, Determining Factors - Overall an individual's personality has reactions and interactions with other individuals. Personality Is often defined as a measurable sefat shown by others.
Definition of personality according to psychology
Gordon Allport defines personality in an organization (various psychological and physical aspects) is a process and at the same time structure. So, personality is something that can change. Allport explicitly stated, personality regularly grows and changes.
Personality traits
Healthy personality
Able to assess the situation realistically
Have a philosophy of life
Social acceptance
Goal oriented
Able to assess yourself realistically
Independence
Accept responsibility
Able to assess the achievements obtained realistically
Outgoing (extroverted)
Can control emotions
Be happy
understanding-personality-in-general
Unhealthy personality
Less passionate (moping) in living life
Often feel depressed (stressed or depressed)
Lack of awareness to obey religious teachings
The habit of lying is hyperactive
Being hostile to all forms of authority
Lacking a sense of responsibility
Showing concern and anxiety
Often experience dizziness (although the cause is not an organic factor)
Happy to criticize / mock others
Be cruel or like to disturb other people who are younger or towards animals
Inability to avoid deviant behavior despite being warned or punished
Pessimistic in facing life
Irritable (offended)
Hard to sleep
Determinants of personality
Heredity
Hereditary, personality is more directed towards an individual's genetics, gender, facial shape, physical height, reflection and temprament, biological composition and energy levels are characteristics that are generally considered, and are influenced by who the parents of a person are.
Environmental factor
And another factor that can also have a big influence on the formation of a character is the environment in which a person is raised and grown; friends, norms in a family, as well as social groups, and other influences that a person can experience. Environmental factors have a very important role in the formation of an individual personality.
In the life together in society in social control functions to be able to create an orderly society and in accordance with norms that have been mutually agreed upon. In order to realize this purpose, we recognize several types of social control based on their nature and purpose, whether they are official or not, and who controls them.
According to the nature and purpose
Judging from the nature and purpose we recognize preventive control, repressive control, and combined control between preventive and repressive control.
Preventive Control
Is an effort made to prevent deviations from social norms and values that apply in society. Thus this control is carried out before the occurrence of irregularities with a view to taking precautions as early as possible in order to avoid the possibility of irregularities. Preventive control efforts can be done through education in the family and community (informal), as well as education in schools (formal) such as the installation of traffic signs to prevent disorderly and road accidents.
Repressive Control
It is an attempt to restore harmony, order and harmony that is disturbed due to violations of norms or deviant behavior. So this control is carried out after a violation occurs. The aim is to make the parties who behave deviate aware of the consequences of their actions, as well as to comply with social norms that apply in society. For example a teacher who crossed out one of the students' work because they were caught cheating.
Combined Control
Is an effort that aims to prevent deviations (preventive) while returning irregularities that are not in accordance with social norms (repressive). Control efforts that combine preventive and repressive characteristics are intended so that a behavior does not deviate from the norm and if it does, the deviation does not harm the person concerned or others.
General Understanding of Personality and Psychology and Characteristics, Determining Factors - Overall an individual's personality has reactions and interactions with other individuals. Personality Is often defined as a measurable sefat shown by others.
Definition of personality according to psychology
Gordon Allport defines personality in an organization (various psychological and physical aspects) is a process and at the same time structure. So, personality is something that can change. Allport explicitly stated, personality regularly grows and changes.
Personality traits
Healthy personality
Able to assess the situation realistically
Have a philosophy of life
Social acceptance
Goal oriented
Able to assess yourself realistically
Independence
Accept responsibility
Able to assess the achievements obtained realistically
Outgoing (extroverted)
Can control emotions
Be happy
understanding-personality-in-general
Unhealthy personality
Less passionate (moping) in living life
Often feel depressed (stressed or depressed)
Lack of awareness to obey religious teachings
The habit of lying is hyperactive
Being hostile to all forms of authority
Lacking a sense of responsibility
Showing concern and anxiety
Often experience dizziness (although the cause is not an organic factor)
Happy to criticize / mock others
Be cruel or like to disturb other people who are younger or towards animals
Inability to avoid deviant behavior despite being warned or punished
Pessimistic in facing life
Irritable (offended)
Hard to sleep
Determinants of personality
Heredity
Hereditary, personality is more directed towards an individual's genetics, gender, facial shape, physical height, reflection and temprament, biological composition and energy levels are characteristics that are generally considered, and are influenced by who the parents of a person are.
Environmental factor
And another factor that can also have a big influence on the formation of a character is the environment in which a person is raised and grown; friends, norms in a family, as well as social groups, and other influences that a person can experience. Environmental factors have a very important role in the formation of an individual personality.
In the life together in society in social control functions to be able to create an orderly society and in accordance with norms that have been mutually agreed upon. In order to realize this purpose, we recognize several types of social control based on their nature and purpose, whether they are official or not, and who controls them.
According to the nature and purpose
Judging from the nature and purpose we recognize preventive control, repressive control, and combined control between preventive and repressive control.
Preventive Control
Is an effort made to prevent deviations from social norms and values that apply in society. Thus this control is carried out before the occurrence of irregularities with a view to taking precautions as early as possible in order to avoid the possibility of irregularities. Preventive control efforts can be done through education in the family and community (informal), as well as education in schools (formal) such as the installation of traffic signs to prevent disorderly and road accidents.
Repressive Control
It is an attempt to restore harmony, order and harmony that is disturbed due to violations of norms or deviant behavior. So this control is carried out after a violation occurs. The aim is to make the parties who behave deviate aware of the consequences of their actions, as well as to comply with social norms that apply in society. For example a teacher who crossed out one of the students' work because they were caught cheating.
Combined Control
Is an effort that aims to prevent deviations (preventive) while returning irregularities that are not in accordance with social norms (repressive). Control efforts that combine preventive and repressive characteristics are intended so that a behavior does not deviate from the norm and if it does, the deviation does not harm the person concerned or others.
5 Five Senses (Physiology): Functions, Images, and Parts
5 Five Senses (Physiology): Functions, Images, and Parts
5 Panca Indra (Physiology): Functions, Images and Complete Parts - Every human being has been granted five senses by the creator, so that we can carry out daily activities using the five senses that have been granted by the creator. On this occasion here will be a complete review of the Five Senses. For that, let's look at the reviews below.
Understanding the Five Senses
The five senses are the organs of the body which have a function of knowing external circumstances. The human sense organ is often referred to as the five senses, because it consists of five senses namely the sense of sight (eyes), the sense of hearing (ears), the smell / smell (nose), the sense of taste (tongue) and the sense of touch (skin). The senses are the interface, contact between the soul in the form of spiritual self-awareness and environmental matter. In Hinduism there are eleven types of flavors and are referred to as eka dasa indriya.
Various Kinds of Five Senses
1. Eyes
The eye is the senses whose function is to see the surrounding environment in the form of images, so that the eye can recognize objects that are around it quickly.
The eye is the sense of sight that receives an excitatory form of light (photooreceptors). The eye is composed of eye enhancements, eyeballs, eyeball muscles, and optic nerves II.
This eye enhancement tool has a function to protect the eyes from interference in the environment. These eyebrows function to protect the eyes from sweat, while the eyelids to protect the eyes from collisions and the eyelashes function to protect the eyes from strong light, dust and dirt.
parts of the eye and its functions are as follows:
The cornea of the eye, has the function of receiving a light stimulus and passing it on to the deeper part of the eye.
The eyepiece has a function to continue and focus on light so that the shadow of an object falls into the eyepiece.
Iris has a function to regulate how much or at least a light enters the eye.
Pupils have a function as the entrance of a light.
The retina has the function of forming an image of an object which is then sent by the eye nerve to the brain.
The eye muscles have the function to regulate an eyeball movement.
The eye nerve, has the function to carry on a stimulation of light from the retina to the brain.
The way the eye works is as follows:
The light goes to the aqueous humor then goes to the pupil and continues to the lens then goes to the vetreous humor then goes to the retina then goes to the optic nerve and finally to the brain.
2. Ears
The ear is a sense organ that functions to hear the sounds that are around us. The ear is the sense of hearing which receives a stimulation in the form of sound (phonoreceptors). Another function of the ear is that the ear functions as a balance tool.
Ears
Namely as follows:
The outer ear consists of the auricle, ear hole and auditory canal.
The middle ear consists of the eardrum, 3 listening bones (hammer, foundation and stirrup) and the eustachian tubes.
The inner ear which consists of a body balance tool, three semicircular channels, jorong casement, round casement and cochlea (cochlea)
The function of the listener's senses:
The auricle, ear hole and auditory canal have the function to capture and collect a sound wave.
This eardrum has the function of receiving an excitatory sound and passing it on to a deeper part.
Three hearing bones (hammer bones, foundation and stirrup) have the function of amplifying a vibration and transmitting it to the cochlea or cochlea.
Jorong cage, round cage, three semicircular channels and cochlea (the cochlea) have the function to change impulses and are transmitted to the brain. the Three semicircular channels also have a function to maintain body balance.
Eustachian tube functions to connect an oral cavity with the outer ear.
The way the ear works is as follows.
the auricle then goes to the ear canal then goes to the eardrum then goes to the three hearing bones then goes to the cochlea and then goes to the hair cells in the cortical organ then goes to the audiotory nerve cells and finally to the brain.
3. Sensory Odor (Nose)
The nose is the senses that we use to recognize an environment or something from the aroma produced. Fibers in the olfactory nerve are found in the upper part of the nasal mucous membrane. These olfactory fibers have a function to detect excitatory chemicals in the form of gases in the air (chemoreceptors).
Parts of the nose
namely as follows:
The nostril has a function for the entry and exit of air.
Nasal hair has the function to filter out an incoming air when breathing.
The mucous membrane has a function as a place to attach a dirt and as a sense of smell.
These nerve fibers have a function to detect chemicals present in the respiratory air.
This nerve has a function to send odors to parts of the brain.
How the nose works
is as follows :
Stimulation (odor) goes to the nostrils then goes to the olfactory epithelium then goes to the olfactory mucosa then goes to the olfactory nerve then goes to the thalamus then goes to the hypothalamus and finally goes to the brain.
4. Taste Taste (Tongue)
The tongue is one of the senses that has the function to feel the taste stimulation from food that enters our mouths. The tongue can respond to various types and various flavors such as sweetness, bitter taste, sour taste and saltiness.
On the tongue there are two groups of muscles, namely intrinsic muscles (making a smooth motion) and extrinsic muscles (making a rough movement when chewing and swallowing and linking the tongue to the surrounding parts).
On the part of the tongue that is called a papilla which is the nerve end of the taste bud. Each of these taste buds has a sensitivity to certain tastes based on their location on the tongue. At the base of the tongue can taste the bitter taste, at the edge of the tongue to taste the taste of salt and acid and at the tip of the tongue functions to taste sweet taste.
On the surface of the tongue covered by three kinds of papillae are as follows.
Papilla sirku valata
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
The way the tongue works is as follows:
Food / solution tastes to the papilla of the tongue then to the gustatory nerve then to the medulla oblongata then to the thalamus and finally to the brain.
5. Feeling Touch (Skin)
The skin is one of the senses that is able to receive a stimulus temperature temperature, touch, pain, pressure, texture, and so forth. In the skin there is a receptor that is sensitive to a physical stimulus (mechanoreceptor).
Examples are touch, pressure, pressure, coldness, and pain. These receptors are either free nerve endings or nerve endings wrapped in a connective tissue capsule.
Generally, in each type of receptor can only accept one type of excitement. The skin has a function as an inner protective device, for example in muscles and bones, and as a tactile device equipped with a variety of receptors that are sensitive to a variety of stimuli, namely as an excretion tool and for regulating body temperature.
Skin Parts and Functions:
The epidermis has a function to prevent the entry of a germ of disease and to prevent the evaporation of water from the body.
Sweat glands have the function to produce a sweat.
The layer of fat has a function to warm a body.
Hair movers have the function to regulate a hair's movement.
Blood vessels have the function to drain blood throughout the body.
The five senses are one of God's gifts for humans. and has its own advantages over other living things.
5 Panca Indra (Physiology): Functions, Images and Complete Parts - Every human being has been granted five senses by the creator, so that we can carry out daily activities using the five senses that have been granted by the creator. On this occasion here will be a complete review of the Five Senses. For that, let's look at the reviews below.
Understanding the Five Senses
The five senses are the organs of the body which have a function of knowing external circumstances. The human sense organ is often referred to as the five senses, because it consists of five senses namely the sense of sight (eyes), the sense of hearing (ears), the smell / smell (nose), the sense of taste (tongue) and the sense of touch (skin). The senses are the interface, contact between the soul in the form of spiritual self-awareness and environmental matter. In Hinduism there are eleven types of flavors and are referred to as eka dasa indriya.
Various Kinds of Five Senses
1. Eyes
The eye is the senses whose function is to see the surrounding environment in the form of images, so that the eye can recognize objects that are around it quickly.
The eye is the sense of sight that receives an excitatory form of light (photooreceptors). The eye is composed of eye enhancements, eyeballs, eyeball muscles, and optic nerves II.
This eye enhancement tool has a function to protect the eyes from interference in the environment. These eyebrows function to protect the eyes from sweat, while the eyelids to protect the eyes from collisions and the eyelashes function to protect the eyes from strong light, dust and dirt.
parts of the eye and its functions are as follows:
The cornea of the eye, has the function of receiving a light stimulus and passing it on to the deeper part of the eye.
The eyepiece has a function to continue and focus on light so that the shadow of an object falls into the eyepiece.
Iris has a function to regulate how much or at least a light enters the eye.
Pupils have a function as the entrance of a light.
The retina has the function of forming an image of an object which is then sent by the eye nerve to the brain.
The eye muscles have the function to regulate an eyeball movement.
The eye nerve, has the function to carry on a stimulation of light from the retina to the brain.
The way the eye works is as follows:
The light goes to the aqueous humor then goes to the pupil and continues to the lens then goes to the vetreous humor then goes to the retina then goes to the optic nerve and finally to the brain.
2. Ears
The ear is a sense organ that functions to hear the sounds that are around us. The ear is the sense of hearing which receives a stimulation in the form of sound (phonoreceptors). Another function of the ear is that the ear functions as a balance tool.
Ears
Namely as follows:
The outer ear consists of the auricle, ear hole and auditory canal.
The middle ear consists of the eardrum, 3 listening bones (hammer, foundation and stirrup) and the eustachian tubes.
The inner ear which consists of a body balance tool, three semicircular channels, jorong casement, round casement and cochlea (cochlea)
The function of the listener's senses:
The auricle, ear hole and auditory canal have the function to capture and collect a sound wave.
This eardrum has the function of receiving an excitatory sound and passing it on to a deeper part.
Three hearing bones (hammer bones, foundation and stirrup) have the function of amplifying a vibration and transmitting it to the cochlea or cochlea.
Jorong cage, round cage, three semicircular channels and cochlea (the cochlea) have the function to change impulses and are transmitted to the brain. the Three semicircular channels also have a function to maintain body balance.
Eustachian tube functions to connect an oral cavity with the outer ear.
The way the ear works is as follows.
the auricle then goes to the ear canal then goes to the eardrum then goes to the three hearing bones then goes to the cochlea and then goes to the hair cells in the cortical organ then goes to the audiotory nerve cells and finally to the brain.
3. Sensory Odor (Nose)
The nose is the senses that we use to recognize an environment or something from the aroma produced. Fibers in the olfactory nerve are found in the upper part of the nasal mucous membrane. These olfactory fibers have a function to detect excitatory chemicals in the form of gases in the air (chemoreceptors).
Parts of the nose
namely as follows:
The nostril has a function for the entry and exit of air.
Nasal hair has the function to filter out an incoming air when breathing.
The mucous membrane has a function as a place to attach a dirt and as a sense of smell.
These nerve fibers have a function to detect chemicals present in the respiratory air.
This nerve has a function to send odors to parts of the brain.
How the nose works
is as follows :
Stimulation (odor) goes to the nostrils then goes to the olfactory epithelium then goes to the olfactory mucosa then goes to the olfactory nerve then goes to the thalamus then goes to the hypothalamus and finally goes to the brain.
4. Taste Taste (Tongue)
The tongue is one of the senses that has the function to feel the taste stimulation from food that enters our mouths. The tongue can respond to various types and various flavors such as sweetness, bitter taste, sour taste and saltiness.
On the tongue there are two groups of muscles, namely intrinsic muscles (making a smooth motion) and extrinsic muscles (making a rough movement when chewing and swallowing and linking the tongue to the surrounding parts).
On the part of the tongue that is called a papilla which is the nerve end of the taste bud. Each of these taste buds has a sensitivity to certain tastes based on their location on the tongue. At the base of the tongue can taste the bitter taste, at the edge of the tongue to taste the taste of salt and acid and at the tip of the tongue functions to taste sweet taste.
On the surface of the tongue covered by three kinds of papillae are as follows.
Papilla sirku valata
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
The way the tongue works is as follows:
Food / solution tastes to the papilla of the tongue then to the gustatory nerve then to the medulla oblongata then to the thalamus and finally to the brain.
5. Feeling Touch (Skin)
The skin is one of the senses that is able to receive a stimulus temperature temperature, touch, pain, pressure, texture, and so forth. In the skin there is a receptor that is sensitive to a physical stimulus (mechanoreceptor).
Examples are touch, pressure, pressure, coldness, and pain. These receptors are either free nerve endings or nerve endings wrapped in a connective tissue capsule.
Generally, in each type of receptor can only accept one type of excitement. The skin has a function as an inner protective device, for example in muscles and bones, and as a tactile device equipped with a variety of receptors that are sensitive to a variety of stimuli, namely as an excretion tool and for regulating body temperature.
Skin Parts and Functions:
The epidermis has a function to prevent the entry of a germ of disease and to prevent the evaporation of water from the body.
Sweat glands have the function to produce a sweat.
The layer of fat has a function to warm a body.
Hair movers have the function to regulate a hair's movement.
Blood vessels have the function to drain blood throughout the body.
The five senses are one of God's gifts for humans. and has its own advantages over other living things.
Understanding Weeds And Diseases In Plants With Examples
Understanding Weeds And Diseases In Plants With Examples
After studying various types of pests in plants, the discussion will examine the understanding of weeds and diseases in plants. Now see the review below.
Weed Definition
Weeds are disturbing plants for cultivation. In contrast to pests and plant diseases, the effect caused by weeds is not seen directly and runs slowly. But overall the losses incurred are very large. This weed can be able to compete strongly with cultivation plants to meet the needs of nutrients, water, sunlight, air and growing space.
Examples of Plants That Include Weeds
Puzzle grass
Plant ferns
And water hyacinth
Some factors that cause losses due to competition between cultivation plants and weeds are:
Plant growth is inhibited so that the time starts to produce longer.
Decreased quantity and quality of production.
Weeds can become a den of pests and diseases.
Weed control is expensive.
Weed control is done in two ways, namely:
The traditional way to pull weeds directly.
The modern way is to spray using herbicides.
Understanding Plant Diseases
In addition to pests and weeds, there are more that can reduce the quality of plants, namely plant diseases. Plant disease can cause disruption of plant immune system against external influences. In general, this plant disease is caused by viru, bacteria and fungi.
corn plant disease
Examples of Plant Diseases
CVPD (Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration) CVPD is a disease that damages the filter veins in the stems of citrus plants. CVPD is caused by a virus.
TMV (Tobacco Mozaic Virus) TMV is a mosaic virus that attacks tobacco plants. The leaves of tobacco plants that are attacked by the mosaic virus become easily colored green stripes to dark green. The leaf size becomes relatively smaller compared to the normal leaf size. When young plants are attacked by this virus plant growth is stunted and eventually stunted.
Downy mildew is a disease that usually attacks corn plants. The reason is the fungus with the spread using spores that are blown by the wind.
Striped virus disease is a disease that usually attacks soybean plants. The cause is a virus by blasting through the wind.
Grass dwarf disease is a disease usually attacks rice plants. The cause of the virus by spreading through the mediation of planthopper pests.
To control this disease is done by controlling the intermediary animals namely plant hopper. The control methods are as follows.
Planting rice that is resistant to planthopper pests (VUTW)
Breaking the planthopper's breeding cycle by seeking crop rotation is to plant two types of plants in one field alternately.
Growing rice simultaneously in a large area with the same type of rice planted. This is done so that harvesting can be done simultaneously at one time. Thus there is a grace period that is the absence of rice at all so that the plant hopper does not get food and eventually die.
Kill planthopper directly by using an insecticide at the right dose. The right dose is very important so that planthopper pests can be eradicated without disturbing the balance of the ecosystem. White colors such as feathers or cotton which are often found on the leaves and stems of plants are actually pests in the form of colonies of hairy small insects. If you take a magnifying glass and you pay attention, you will see the shape of the insect that is the pest.
After studying various types of pests in plants, the discussion will examine the understanding of weeds and diseases in plants. Now see the review below.
Weed Definition
Weeds are disturbing plants for cultivation. In contrast to pests and plant diseases, the effect caused by weeds is not seen directly and runs slowly. But overall the losses incurred are very large. This weed can be able to compete strongly with cultivation plants to meet the needs of nutrients, water, sunlight, air and growing space.
Examples of Plants That Include Weeds
Puzzle grass
Plant ferns
And water hyacinth
Some factors that cause losses due to competition between cultivation plants and weeds are:
Plant growth is inhibited so that the time starts to produce longer.
Decreased quantity and quality of production.
Weeds can become a den of pests and diseases.
Weed control is expensive.
Weed control is done in two ways, namely:
The traditional way to pull weeds directly.
The modern way is to spray using herbicides.
Understanding Plant Diseases
In addition to pests and weeds, there are more that can reduce the quality of plants, namely plant diseases. Plant disease can cause disruption of plant immune system against external influences. In general, this plant disease is caused by viru, bacteria and fungi.
corn plant disease
Examples of Plant Diseases
CVPD (Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration) CVPD is a disease that damages the filter veins in the stems of citrus plants. CVPD is caused by a virus.
TMV (Tobacco Mozaic Virus) TMV is a mosaic virus that attacks tobacco plants. The leaves of tobacco plants that are attacked by the mosaic virus become easily colored green stripes to dark green. The leaf size becomes relatively smaller compared to the normal leaf size. When young plants are attacked by this virus plant growth is stunted and eventually stunted.
Downy mildew is a disease that usually attacks corn plants. The reason is the fungus with the spread using spores that are blown by the wind.
Striped virus disease is a disease that usually attacks soybean plants. The cause is a virus by blasting through the wind.
Grass dwarf disease is a disease usually attacks rice plants. The cause of the virus by spreading through the mediation of planthopper pests.
To control this disease is done by controlling the intermediary animals namely plant hopper. The control methods are as follows.
Planting rice that is resistant to planthopper pests (VUTW)
Breaking the planthopper's breeding cycle by seeking crop rotation is to plant two types of plants in one field alternately.
Growing rice simultaneously in a large area with the same type of rice planted. This is done so that harvesting can be done simultaneously at one time. Thus there is a grace period that is the absence of rice at all so that the plant hopper does not get food and eventually die.
Kill planthopper directly by using an insecticide at the right dose. The right dose is very important so that planthopper pests can be eradicated without disturbing the balance of the ecosystem. White colors such as feathers or cotton which are often found on the leaves and stems of plants are actually pests in the form of colonies of hairy small insects. If you take a magnifying glass and you pay attention, you will see the shape of the insect that is the pest.
Understanding Herbicides and Examples
Understanding Herbicides and Examples
Herbicides are chemical compounds that kill plants or inhibit their normal growth. Herbicides in certain formulations and applications can be described as selective or nonselective herbicides. In agriculture selective herbicides are often used as a substitute for tillage or in combination with tillage and other agronomic practices to be able to control weeds without damaging crops.
Understanding Herbicides
With a non-till or low-till system, scientists have used biotechnology to develop plant varieties with increased tolerance for herbicides. Nonselective herbicides (for example, paraquat) which are poisonous to all plants, are used when needed to fully control plant growth.
Definition of Herbicide
Contact herbicides will kill only those parts of the plant they touch, systemic herbicides are absorbed by leaves or roots and are translocated to other parts of the plant. Preemergence herbicides, mixed into the soil, will kill germinating seeds and small seeds. Postemergence herbicides either inhibit photosynthesis or inhibit growth.
Chemical herbicides were originally inorganic compounds. Herbicides such as ash, salt and a type of bird have been used in agriculture since ancient times. In 1900 a solution of sulfuric acid, iron sulfate, copper nitrate and ammonium and potassium salts which were also known to act as selective herbicides, soon afterwards sodium arsenite solutions became standard herbicides and they were used in large quantities until around 1960. Other inorganic herbicides included ammonium sulfamate, carbon bisulfide, sodium chlorate, sulfuric acid solution and boric containing formulations.
In organic herbicides began to be produced in earnest with dinitrophenol compounds in 1932. A breakthrough occurred in the 1940s with 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), a compound similar to plant hormones, which is an herbicide very selective systemic when used in very small quantities. 1,4-D was quickly adopted to control broadleaf weeds in corn, sorgun, small grains and grasslands as well as in other grasses and ornamental grasses.
Phenoxy aliphatic acids and their derivatives are another large group of organic herbicides, which succeed because of their selectivity and ease of translocation. Other groups of organic herbicides include organic arsenic and urea, heterocyclic nitrogen acids, phenol derivatives, triazine and sulfonylureas.
In the 1960s and 197s, a combination of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T was widely used in Vietnam as a defoliant under the name Agent Orange. Because it has possible health impacts from the use of Orange Agents, the possibility of ecological and health hazards caused by herbicides has resulted in a re-evaluation of many compounds. The use of 2,4,5-T dioxins was banned in the United States in 1984. In 1975, Mexico, at the insistence of the United States government, began spraying marijuana fields with paracels both of which eliminated plants and raised concerns about toxic side effects on cannabis users.
Glyphosate, a compound that was first identified as an herbicide in 1970 and sold starting in the 1970s under the trade name Roundup has been widely used as a herbaceous killer in a broad spectrum because of its toxicity and tendency to decrease relatively quickly in a relatively low environment.
Beginning in the 1990s, the use of plant strains that are resistant to the effects of herbicides has also contributed to their widespread use. However, this use led to the development of so-called super weeds that have developed glyphosate resistance.
Biotechnology in the Formation of New Superior Plant Varieties
In the application of biotechnology in forming superior new plants, many have been developed because human needs are increasing. In addition, the application of plant biotechnology can facilitate a farmer in the process of crop cultivation. Some new superior types of plants made using biotechnology are as follows.
Burbank russet potato is a potato that has a high starch content and is able to produce better fried potatoes and potato chips.
Low nicotine tobacco is a type of tobacco which is considered to reduce the risk of cancer due to smoking.
Golden rice is a grain that is yellow like gold and contains carotenoids.
Flavrsavr tomatoes are tomatoes whose ripe fruit does not rot easily.
Herbicides are chemical compounds that kill plants or inhibit their normal growth. Herbicides in certain formulations and applications can be described as selective or nonselective herbicides. In agriculture selective herbicides are often used as a substitute for tillage or in combination with tillage and other agronomic practices to be able to control weeds without damaging crops.
Understanding Herbicides
With a non-till or low-till system, scientists have used biotechnology to develop plant varieties with increased tolerance for herbicides. Nonselective herbicides (for example, paraquat) which are poisonous to all plants, are used when needed to fully control plant growth.
Definition of Herbicide
Contact herbicides will kill only those parts of the plant they touch, systemic herbicides are absorbed by leaves or roots and are translocated to other parts of the plant. Preemergence herbicides, mixed into the soil, will kill germinating seeds and small seeds. Postemergence herbicides either inhibit photosynthesis or inhibit growth.
Chemical herbicides were originally inorganic compounds. Herbicides such as ash, salt and a type of bird have been used in agriculture since ancient times. In 1900 a solution of sulfuric acid, iron sulfate, copper nitrate and ammonium and potassium salts which were also known to act as selective herbicides, soon afterwards sodium arsenite solutions became standard herbicides and they were used in large quantities until around 1960. Other inorganic herbicides included ammonium sulfamate, carbon bisulfide, sodium chlorate, sulfuric acid solution and boric containing formulations.
In organic herbicides began to be produced in earnest with dinitrophenol compounds in 1932. A breakthrough occurred in the 1940s with 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), a compound similar to plant hormones, which is an herbicide very selective systemic when used in very small quantities. 1,4-D was quickly adopted to control broadleaf weeds in corn, sorgun, small grains and grasslands as well as in other grasses and ornamental grasses.
Phenoxy aliphatic acids and their derivatives are another large group of organic herbicides, which succeed because of their selectivity and ease of translocation. Other groups of organic herbicides include organic arsenic and urea, heterocyclic nitrogen acids, phenol derivatives, triazine and sulfonylureas.
In the 1960s and 197s, a combination of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T was widely used in Vietnam as a defoliant under the name Agent Orange. Because it has possible health impacts from the use of Orange Agents, the possibility of ecological and health hazards caused by herbicides has resulted in a re-evaluation of many compounds. The use of 2,4,5-T dioxins was banned in the United States in 1984. In 1975, Mexico, at the insistence of the United States government, began spraying marijuana fields with paracels both of which eliminated plants and raised concerns about toxic side effects on cannabis users.
Glyphosate, a compound that was first identified as an herbicide in 1970 and sold starting in the 1970s under the trade name Roundup has been widely used as a herbaceous killer in a broad spectrum because of its toxicity and tendency to decrease relatively quickly in a relatively low environment.
Beginning in the 1990s, the use of plant strains that are resistant to the effects of herbicides has also contributed to their widespread use. However, this use led to the development of so-called super weeds that have developed glyphosate resistance.
Biotechnology in the Formation of New Superior Plant Varieties
In the application of biotechnology in forming superior new plants, many have been developed because human needs are increasing. In addition, the application of plant biotechnology can facilitate a farmer in the process of crop cultivation. Some new superior types of plants made using biotechnology are as follows.
Burbank russet potato is a potato that has a high starch content and is able to produce better fried potatoes and potato chips.
Low nicotine tobacco is a type of tobacco which is considered to reduce the risk of cancer due to smoking.
Golden rice is a grain that is yellow like gold and contains carotenoids.
Flavrsavr tomatoes are tomatoes whose ripe fruit does not rot easily.
Radioactive Definitions and Effects for Health and Benefits in Agriculture
Radioactive Definitions and Effects for Health and Benefits in Agriculture
In this case the use of radioactive material, which is specifically radioactive radiation is based on the ability of radiation to cause changes such as ionizing the nucleus or molecules, breaking bonds between atoms so as to produce free radicals, making the nucleus or nucleons become radioactive and freeing up some heat energy.
To be able to be used effectively and efficiently, first identify to find out the type and amount of radiation to be used. This needs to be done because each type of radiation has unique characteristics so to determine its existence both in the type and amount of radiation it is also necessary to use methods and techniques that are also typical for each type of radiation.
Radioactive decay occurs in three main types - named alpha, beta and gamma decay with the first three-letter symbol of the Greek alphabet. Radioactive decay occurs in unstable atomic nuclei - those that do not have enough binding energy to hold the nucleus together due to excess either protons or neutrons, appearing in three main types - named alpha, beta and gamma decay with the first three letter symbol from the Greek alphabet.
Gamma radiation is the most million of the three and will be able to penetrate a few centimeters of lead. Beta particles will be absorbed by a few millimeters of aluminum while alpha particles will stop their tracks after a few centimeters of air or a piece of paper.
Effects on human health
There are two main health effects caused by radiation that act in the short and long term and also at shorter and greater distances. Radiation causes health problems by killing cells in the body and the amount and type of damage done depends on the radiation dose received and the time at which the dose was spread.
Radioactive materials that spread to a wider area can cause long-term health effects through prolonged exposure, especially if they enter the food chain or are inhaled or swallowed directly. Radioactive isotopes of iodine which undergo beta decay, can accumulate in the thyroid gland and can cause thyroid cancer.
Utilization in Agriculture
As for the utilization in agriculture which include:
Eradication of Homo With Infertile Male Techniques
Radiation can cause biological effects such as cabbage pests, in the laboratory are bred cabbage pests in the form of a considerable amount. The pest is then radiationed so that male insects become infertile. After that the pest is released in the area attacked by pests. It is hoped that a marriage between local pests and infertile males will be released, eggs from such marriages will not hatch. Thus the pest reproduction is disrupted and will reduce the population.
Plant breeding
Plant breeding or formation of superior seeds can be done using radiation. For example rice breeding, rice seedlings are given radiation with doses that vary from the smallest dose that does not carry the effect to a lethal low dose. The irradiated seeds are then planted and placed in a garden in groups according to the size of their radiation doses.
Food Storage
We know that foodstuffs such as potatoes and onions if stored a long time will sprout. Radiation can inhibit the growth of such materials. So before the material is stored in a given dose of radiation so it will not sprout thus can be stored longer.
Thus the discussion on "Radioactive" Definition & (Effects for Health - Benefits in Agriculture) hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge of all of you, thank you very much for your visit.
Bioteknoloogi ini selain diterapakan didalam farmasi dan kedokteran dan pangan, juga bias diterapakan dalam bidang pertanian. Dalam pembuatan kompos dan biogas merupakan salah satu contoh yang sederhana dalam penerapan bioteknologi pertanian. Pemanfaatan bioteknologi pertanian pada zamam sekarang ini dilakukan dengan secara modern, berikut ini ada beberapa contoh dari bioteknologi pertanian.
Hydroponics and Aeroponics
Hydroponics is work by utilizing water. For methods used in hydroponics such as water culture using water media, sand culture methods using sand media and porous methods, among others, using gravel media and new brick fragments. With this sand method including successful and easy ways to apply.
The Advantages Of Using Hydroponics
Higher crop production
Use of fertilizer more efficiently
Does not depend on natural conditions
Plants are free from pests and diseases
Grow faster
Easy in the process
Does not require so much land
Fruits obtained by dihydroponics include cucumbers, paprika and lettuce, while plants that can be hydroponized are star fruit, guava water and melons.
Aeroponics is a type of hydroponics because water that contains nutrient solutions is sprayed in the form of mist to hit the roots of plants. The principle of the application of aeroponics is Styrofoam which is given planting holes with a distance of 15 cm, which is then using foam padding or rock wool, vegetable seedlings are embedded in the planting hole.
At the root of the plant will dangle freely downwards, then under the strands of Styrofoam there is a sprinkler or atomizer that emits a mist of nutrient solution up to the roots.
Plant Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture is a method or technique in isolating plant parts namely cells, tissues, organs and protoplasms and growing them on artificial media in aseptic conditions in a controlled space so that the parts of these plants will grow and develop into complete plants.
The part that is grown through tissue culture is called an explant. Explants used are usually from young plant tissue, such as shoots, young leaves and root tips.
Various Types of Plant Tissue Culture
Antherculture pollen is a tissue culture technique using explants from stamens or pollen.
Cloroplast culture is a tissue culture technique using chloroplast explants for the purpose of improving the properties of plants by making new varieties.
Culture maristem is a tissue culture technique using explants or plant parts from young or meristem tissues.
Protoplast culture is a tissue culture technique using parts of protoplast plants or living cells that have been removed from the cell wall.
Somatic cross or crossing of the protoplasm is the crossing of two kinds of protoplasm into one, then cultivating it into a small plant with a new nature.
In this case the use of radioactive material, which is specifically radioactive radiation is based on the ability of radiation to cause changes such as ionizing the nucleus or molecules, breaking bonds between atoms so as to produce free radicals, making the nucleus or nucleons become radioactive and freeing up some heat energy.
To be able to be used effectively and efficiently, first identify to find out the type and amount of radiation to be used. This needs to be done because each type of radiation has unique characteristics so to determine its existence both in the type and amount of radiation it is also necessary to use methods and techniques that are also typical for each type of radiation.
Radioactive decay occurs in three main types - named alpha, beta and gamma decay with the first three-letter symbol of the Greek alphabet. Radioactive decay occurs in unstable atomic nuclei - those that do not have enough binding energy to hold the nucleus together due to excess either protons or neutrons, appearing in three main types - named alpha, beta and gamma decay with the first three letter symbol from the Greek alphabet.
Gamma radiation is the most million of the three and will be able to penetrate a few centimeters of lead. Beta particles will be absorbed by a few millimeters of aluminum while alpha particles will stop their tracks after a few centimeters of air or a piece of paper.
Effects on human health
There are two main health effects caused by radiation that act in the short and long term and also at shorter and greater distances. Radiation causes health problems by killing cells in the body and the amount and type of damage done depends on the radiation dose received and the time at which the dose was spread.
Radioactive materials that spread to a wider area can cause long-term health effects through prolonged exposure, especially if they enter the food chain or are inhaled or swallowed directly. Radioactive isotopes of iodine which undergo beta decay, can accumulate in the thyroid gland and can cause thyroid cancer.
Utilization in Agriculture
As for the utilization in agriculture which include:
Eradication of Homo With Infertile Male Techniques
Radiation can cause biological effects such as cabbage pests, in the laboratory are bred cabbage pests in the form of a considerable amount. The pest is then radiationed so that male insects become infertile. After that the pest is released in the area attacked by pests. It is hoped that a marriage between local pests and infertile males will be released, eggs from such marriages will not hatch. Thus the pest reproduction is disrupted and will reduce the population.
Plant breeding
Plant breeding or formation of superior seeds can be done using radiation. For example rice breeding, rice seedlings are given radiation with doses that vary from the smallest dose that does not carry the effect to a lethal low dose. The irradiated seeds are then planted and placed in a garden in groups according to the size of their radiation doses.
Food Storage
We know that foodstuffs such as potatoes and onions if stored a long time will sprout. Radiation can inhibit the growth of such materials. So before the material is stored in a given dose of radiation so it will not sprout thus can be stored longer.
Thus the discussion on "Radioactive" Definition & (Effects for Health - Benefits in Agriculture) hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge of all of you, thank you very much for your visit.
Bioteknoloogi ini selain diterapakan didalam farmasi dan kedokteran dan pangan, juga bias diterapakan dalam bidang pertanian. Dalam pembuatan kompos dan biogas merupakan salah satu contoh yang sederhana dalam penerapan bioteknologi pertanian. Pemanfaatan bioteknologi pertanian pada zamam sekarang ini dilakukan dengan secara modern, berikut ini ada beberapa contoh dari bioteknologi pertanian.
Hydroponics and Aeroponics
Hydroponics is work by utilizing water. For methods used in hydroponics such as water culture using water media, sand culture methods using sand media and porous methods, among others, using gravel media and new brick fragments. With this sand method including successful and easy ways to apply.
The Advantages Of Using Hydroponics
Higher crop production
Use of fertilizer more efficiently
Does not depend on natural conditions
Plants are free from pests and diseases
Grow faster
Easy in the process
Does not require so much land
Fruits obtained by dihydroponics include cucumbers, paprika and lettuce, while plants that can be hydroponized are star fruit, guava water and melons.
Aeroponics is a type of hydroponics because water that contains nutrient solutions is sprayed in the form of mist to hit the roots of plants. The principle of the application of aeroponics is Styrofoam which is given planting holes with a distance of 15 cm, which is then using foam padding or rock wool, vegetable seedlings are embedded in the planting hole.
At the root of the plant will dangle freely downwards, then under the strands of Styrofoam there is a sprinkler or atomizer that emits a mist of nutrient solution up to the roots.
Plant Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture is a method or technique in isolating plant parts namely cells, tissues, organs and protoplasms and growing them on artificial media in aseptic conditions in a controlled space so that the parts of these plants will grow and develop into complete plants.
The part that is grown through tissue culture is called an explant. Explants used are usually from young plant tissue, such as shoots, young leaves and root tips.
Various Types of Plant Tissue Culture
Antherculture pollen is a tissue culture technique using explants from stamens or pollen.
Cloroplast culture is a tissue culture technique using chloroplast explants for the purpose of improving the properties of plants by making new varieties.
Culture maristem is a tissue culture technique using explants or plant parts from young or meristem tissues.
Protoplast culture is a tissue culture technique using parts of protoplast plants or living cells that have been removed from the cell wall.
Somatic cross or crossing of the protoplasm is the crossing of two kinds of protoplasm into one, then cultivating it into a small plant with a new nature.
Pollution and Environmental Damage Management
Pollution and Environmental Damage Management
Biological sensitization
Pollutants enter the environment through the food chain and food webs. Toxic substances that are discharged into the water can seep into the body of algae. Furthermore, the algae are eaten by small shrimp. The small shell is eaten by fish. If this fish is caught by humans then eaten, even polluted will enter the human body.
The process of increasing levels of pollutant substances passing through the body of living things is known as every biological attachment (in English known as biomagnification).
Ozone Hole Formed
The formation of ozone holes is one of the global problems. This is due to pollutants that can spread and cause impacts elsewhere. CFC gas, for example from Freon and spray, which soars can reach the stratosphere. In the stratosphere there is a layer of ozone gas (O3). This ozone layer is a protective (shield) of the earth from ultrabiolet light. If CFC gas reaches the ozone layer, there will be a reaction between CFC and ozone, so the ozone layer is "hollow".
Greenhouse effect
Another global problem is the greenhouse effect. CO2 gas produced from the combustion process increases CO2 levels in the atmosphere. As a result, the earth is shrouded in gases and pollutant dust. The CO2 gas content is higher because many forests are cut down, so it cannot absorb CO2.
Pollution and Environmental Damage Management
Various efforts have been made, both by the government and the community to tackle environmental pollution, including through counseling and environmental management. However, these efforts will not succeed if there is no community support and concern for the environment.
To prove our concern for the environment, we need to act. Some ways that can be done to tackle environmental pollution, including the following:
Throw garbage in its place
Throwing garbage into a river or a ditch will hamper the flow of water. As a result, waste will accumulate and rot. Decaying garbage besides causing unpleasant odors will also become a breeding ground for various types of diseases. In addition, it can cause flooding in the rainy season.
One way to tackle waste, especially household waste, is to use it as compost. The rubbish is separated between organic and inorganic waste.
Furthermore, organic waste is buried in the soil so it becomes compost. As for inorganic waste such as plastic and used cans, it can be recycled into household appliances and other items.
Management of Industrial Waste
Industrial waste, especially those containing chemicals, must be treated before being disposed of. This will reduce pollutants in the waters. Thus, material from pollutant waste containing toxic substances can be removed so that it does not disturb the ecosystem.
Placing factories or industrial estates in areas far from the crowds of the population. This is done to avoid the adverse effects of factory waste and factory smoke on people's lives.
Prevention of Air Pollution
Air pollution due to residual combustion of motor vehicles and factory fumes, can be prevented and overcome by reducing the use of fuel oil. Need to think about alternative sources of alternative fuels that are environmentally friendly, such as electric energy vehicles. In addition, efforts are made to record and limit the number of motorized vehicles that are eligible to operate. Especially the control and inspection of exhaust fumes and motor vehicle exhaust.
Greening is held in Big Cities
Plants are able to absorb CO2 in the air for photosynthesis. The existence of a green line will reduce CO2 levels in the air coming from motor vehicle fumes or factory fumes. Thus, green plants can reduce air pollution. In addition, green plants release O2 into the atmosphere.
The use of fertilizers and pesticides
Giving fertilizer to plants can increase agricultural output. However, on the other hand it can cause pollution if the fertilizer enters the waters. Eutrophicai is one of the negative impacts caused by artificial fertilizers that enter the waters.
Likewise with the use of anti-pest plants. If the use exceeds the specified dose will cause pollution. Besides being able to pollute the environment it can also cause the destruction of certain organisms needed, such as decomposing bacteria or insects that help pollinate plants.
Biological eradication of pests is an alternative that can reduce pollution and damage to agricultural ecosystems.
Reduction in the use of CFCs
To eliminate levels of CFCs in the atmosphere, it takes about one hundred years to overcome this, by reducing the use of unnecessary CFCs by humans. Reducing the use of CFCs can prevent damage to the ozone layer in the atmosphere so that it can reduce global warming.
Today, human behavior with arbitrary attitudes toward the environment has reached an alarming level. In addition to exploiting nature greedily, humans have also poisoned nature with various types of waste.
Properties of Pollutants
Pollutants are substances or materials that can cause pollution to the environment both (Pollution of Air, Land, Water, etc.). Pollution or environmental pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be less or unable to function again in accordance with its designation.
The conditions of a substance are called pollutants if their existence can cause harm to living things. For example, carbon dioxide with a content of 0.033% in the air is beneficial to plants, but if it is higher than 0.033% it can have a detrimental effect.
A substance can be called a pollutant if:
The amount exceeds the normal amount
Being at the wrong time
In the wrong place
The properties of the pollutant asa 2, namely:
Damaging for a while, but when it has reacted with environmental substances no longer damage
Damaging for a long time. For example Pb does not damage if the concentration is low. However, in the long term, Pb can accumulate in the body to a destructive level.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: "Radioactive" Definition & (Effects on Health - Benefits in Agriculture)
Types of Pollutants
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Motor vehicle smoke is a source of all the carbon monoxide that is emitted in many urban areas. Therefore, the reduction in carbon monoxide levels depends on automatic emission control such as calitis modifiers, which convert most carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Oh yes, Carbon monoxide is very dangerous, especially in pregnant women. Because it can result in fetal weight loss, increased infant mortality and brain damage. Poor right? So we must as much as possible reduce the activities of motor vehicle use.
Nitrogen Oxide: Nitrogen Oxide which occurs when combustion heat causes the unification of oxygen and nitrogen in the air poses various threat threats. This nitrogen oxide substance itself causes lung damage. After reacting in the atmosphere, these substances form very fine nitrate particles that penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs. These nitrate particles also, if joined with water either water in the lungs or water vapor in the clouds will form acids. Finally, these oxide substances react with unburned gasoline fumes and other hydrocarbon substances in sunlight and form low ozone or "smog" reddish-brown haze that blankets most cities in the world.
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: Sulfur Dioxide emissions arise from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur, especially coal used for power generation or household heating? This sharp but odorless gas can cause asthma attacks and, because it stays in the air, reacts and forms fine particles and acidic substances.
Particulate Objects: Particulate objects are often referred to as smoke or soot. these particulate objects are the most obvious air pollutants, eN is very dangerous ... you know? Some particulate matter comes out of the factory chimney as thick black smoke, but the most dangerous are the "fine particles" of granules that are so small that they can penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs. Most of these fine particles are formed with other pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, and are chemically altered and form nitrates and sulfates. Well, do you know what a particulate object is?
Hydrocarbons (HC): For those who are in junior high school and high school, you must know Hydrocarbons as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and also as reactive organic gases (ROG). Hydrocarbons are unburned gasoline vapors and by-products of incomplete combustion. Other types of hydrocarbons, some of which cause leukemia, cancer, or other serious diseases, take the form of a liquid for washing dry clothes to a fat removal agent for industry.
Ozone (Photochemical Fog): Ozone consists of hundreds of chemicals found in smog, formed when concentrated hydrocarbons in cities react with nitrogen oxides. Ozone is an oxidant that is so strong (other than chlorine) that some cities use it as a disinfectant for drinking water supplies.
Tin (Pb): This silvery gray metal which is highly toxic in every form is a very dangerous threat to children under 6 years of age, which they usually ingest in the form of paint flakes on the walls of the house. These heavy metals damage intelligence, inhibit growth, reduce the ability to hear and understand language, and eliminate concentration. Even very low levels of exposure always seem to be associated with low intelligence. Because the main source of tin is gasoline-fueled vehicle fumes containing tin, this pollutant can be found wherever there are cars, trucks and buses.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Gases formed when fuels that are rich in carbon content, such as coal or oil, burn are colorless and tasteless air pollutants, and are one type of "greenhouse" gas. So called because these gases trap geothermal heat like glass windows in a greenhouse.
Biological sensitization
Pollutants enter the environment through the food chain and food webs. Toxic substances that are discharged into the water can seep into the body of algae. Furthermore, the algae are eaten by small shrimp. The small shell is eaten by fish. If this fish is caught by humans then eaten, even polluted will enter the human body.
The process of increasing levels of pollutant substances passing through the body of living things is known as every biological attachment (in English known as biomagnification).
Ozone Hole Formed
The formation of ozone holes is one of the global problems. This is due to pollutants that can spread and cause impacts elsewhere. CFC gas, for example from Freon and spray, which soars can reach the stratosphere. In the stratosphere there is a layer of ozone gas (O3). This ozone layer is a protective (shield) of the earth from ultrabiolet light. If CFC gas reaches the ozone layer, there will be a reaction between CFC and ozone, so the ozone layer is "hollow".
Greenhouse effect
Another global problem is the greenhouse effect. CO2 gas produced from the combustion process increases CO2 levels in the atmosphere. As a result, the earth is shrouded in gases and pollutant dust. The CO2 gas content is higher because many forests are cut down, so it cannot absorb CO2.
Pollution and Environmental Damage Management
Various efforts have been made, both by the government and the community to tackle environmental pollution, including through counseling and environmental management. However, these efforts will not succeed if there is no community support and concern for the environment.
To prove our concern for the environment, we need to act. Some ways that can be done to tackle environmental pollution, including the following:
Throw garbage in its place
Throwing garbage into a river or a ditch will hamper the flow of water. As a result, waste will accumulate and rot. Decaying garbage besides causing unpleasant odors will also become a breeding ground for various types of diseases. In addition, it can cause flooding in the rainy season.
One way to tackle waste, especially household waste, is to use it as compost. The rubbish is separated between organic and inorganic waste.
Furthermore, organic waste is buried in the soil so it becomes compost. As for inorganic waste such as plastic and used cans, it can be recycled into household appliances and other items.
Management of Industrial Waste
Industrial waste, especially those containing chemicals, must be treated before being disposed of. This will reduce pollutants in the waters. Thus, material from pollutant waste containing toxic substances can be removed so that it does not disturb the ecosystem.
Placing factories or industrial estates in areas far from the crowds of the population. This is done to avoid the adverse effects of factory waste and factory smoke on people's lives.
Prevention of Air Pollution
Air pollution due to residual combustion of motor vehicles and factory fumes, can be prevented and overcome by reducing the use of fuel oil. Need to think about alternative sources of alternative fuels that are environmentally friendly, such as electric energy vehicles. In addition, efforts are made to record and limit the number of motorized vehicles that are eligible to operate. Especially the control and inspection of exhaust fumes and motor vehicle exhaust.
Greening is held in Big Cities
Plants are able to absorb CO2 in the air for photosynthesis. The existence of a green line will reduce CO2 levels in the air coming from motor vehicle fumes or factory fumes. Thus, green plants can reduce air pollution. In addition, green plants release O2 into the atmosphere.
The use of fertilizers and pesticides
Giving fertilizer to plants can increase agricultural output. However, on the other hand it can cause pollution if the fertilizer enters the waters. Eutrophicai is one of the negative impacts caused by artificial fertilizers that enter the waters.
Likewise with the use of anti-pest plants. If the use exceeds the specified dose will cause pollution. Besides being able to pollute the environment it can also cause the destruction of certain organisms needed, such as decomposing bacteria or insects that help pollinate plants.
Biological eradication of pests is an alternative that can reduce pollution and damage to agricultural ecosystems.
Reduction in the use of CFCs
To eliminate levels of CFCs in the atmosphere, it takes about one hundred years to overcome this, by reducing the use of unnecessary CFCs by humans. Reducing the use of CFCs can prevent damage to the ozone layer in the atmosphere so that it can reduce global warming.
Today, human behavior with arbitrary attitudes toward the environment has reached an alarming level. In addition to exploiting nature greedily, humans have also poisoned nature with various types of waste.
Properties of Pollutants
Pollutants are substances or materials that can cause pollution to the environment both (Pollution of Air, Land, Water, etc.). Pollution or environmental pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be less or unable to function again in accordance with its designation.
The conditions of a substance are called pollutants if their existence can cause harm to living things. For example, carbon dioxide with a content of 0.033% in the air is beneficial to plants, but if it is higher than 0.033% it can have a detrimental effect.
A substance can be called a pollutant if:
The amount exceeds the normal amount
Being at the wrong time
In the wrong place
The properties of the pollutant asa 2, namely:
Damaging for a while, but when it has reacted with environmental substances no longer damage
Damaging for a long time. For example Pb does not damage if the concentration is low. However, in the long term, Pb can accumulate in the body to a destructive level.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: "Radioactive" Definition & (Effects on Health - Benefits in Agriculture)
Types of Pollutants
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Motor vehicle smoke is a source of all the carbon monoxide that is emitted in many urban areas. Therefore, the reduction in carbon monoxide levels depends on automatic emission control such as calitis modifiers, which convert most carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Oh yes, Carbon monoxide is very dangerous, especially in pregnant women. Because it can result in fetal weight loss, increased infant mortality and brain damage. Poor right? So we must as much as possible reduce the activities of motor vehicle use.
Nitrogen Oxide: Nitrogen Oxide which occurs when combustion heat causes the unification of oxygen and nitrogen in the air poses various threat threats. This nitrogen oxide substance itself causes lung damage. After reacting in the atmosphere, these substances form very fine nitrate particles that penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs. These nitrate particles also, if joined with water either water in the lungs or water vapor in the clouds will form acids. Finally, these oxide substances react with unburned gasoline fumes and other hydrocarbon substances in sunlight and form low ozone or "smog" reddish-brown haze that blankets most cities in the world.
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: Sulfur Dioxide emissions arise from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur, especially coal used for power generation or household heating? This sharp but odorless gas can cause asthma attacks and, because it stays in the air, reacts and forms fine particles and acidic substances.
Particulate Objects: Particulate objects are often referred to as smoke or soot. these particulate objects are the most obvious air pollutants, eN is very dangerous ... you know? Some particulate matter comes out of the factory chimney as thick black smoke, but the most dangerous are the "fine particles" of granules that are so small that they can penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs. Most of these fine particles are formed with other pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, and are chemically altered and form nitrates and sulfates. Well, do you know what a particulate object is?
Hydrocarbons (HC): For those who are in junior high school and high school, you must know Hydrocarbons as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and also as reactive organic gases (ROG). Hydrocarbons are unburned gasoline vapors and by-products of incomplete combustion. Other types of hydrocarbons, some of which cause leukemia, cancer, or other serious diseases, take the form of a liquid for washing dry clothes to a fat removal agent for industry.
Ozone (Photochemical Fog): Ozone consists of hundreds of chemicals found in smog, formed when concentrated hydrocarbons in cities react with nitrogen oxides. Ozone is an oxidant that is so strong (other than chlorine) that some cities use it as a disinfectant for drinking water supplies.
Tin (Pb): This silvery gray metal which is highly toxic in every form is a very dangerous threat to children under 6 years of age, which they usually ingest in the form of paint flakes on the walls of the house. These heavy metals damage intelligence, inhibit growth, reduce the ability to hear and understand language, and eliminate concentration. Even very low levels of exposure always seem to be associated with low intelligence. Because the main source of tin is gasoline-fueled vehicle fumes containing tin, this pollutant can be found wherever there are cars, trucks and buses.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Gases formed when fuels that are rich in carbon content, such as coal or oil, burn are colorless and tasteless air pollutants, and are one type of "greenhouse" gas. So called because these gases trap geothermal heat like glass windows in a greenhouse.
Various Types of Environmental Pollution
Various Types of Environmental Pollution
Water pollution
One negative impact of the progress of science and technology that is not used properly is pollution. Pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to become less or no longer able to function in accordance with allotment. This definition is in accordance with the definition of pollution in (Basic Law on Environmental Management.
Water pollution is a change in circumstances in a water reservoir such as lakes, rivers, oceans and ground water due to human activities. Lake, rivers, oceans and ground water are important parts in the cycle of human life and are one part of the hydrological cycle. water also drains sediment and pollutants. Various kinds of functions are very helpful for human life. The biggest use of lakes, rivers, oceans and ground water is for agricultural irrigation, raw materials for drinking water, as drainage channels for rainwater and wastewater, even as a potential tourist attraction.
In the order of human life, water plays an important role among others for drinking, cooking, washing and bathing. In addition, water is also much needed to irrigate fields, fields, industry, and much more.
Human actions in fulfilling daily activities have inadvertently increased the amount of inorganic material in water and polluted water. For example, the removal of detergents into water can have a negative impact on organisms in the waters. Fertilizing rice fields or fields with artificial fertilizers, then entering the waters will cause uncontrolled growth of aquatic plants called eutrophication or blooming. Some types of plants such as algae, water nails and water hyacinth will flourish and cover the surface of the water so that sunlight does not penetrate to the bottom of the water. As a result, plants that are below the surface cannot photosynthesize so that the oxygen content dissolved in water is reduced.
Other chemicals, such as pesticides or DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane) which are often used by farmers to eradicate plant pests can also adversely affect plants and other organisms. If in the aquatic ecosystem DDT or pesticide pollution occurs, DDT flow will occur.
The causes of water pollution as human activities include: household activities in the form of organic and inorganic waste which include: industrial waste, agriculture, animal husbandry, hospital waste, or particulates from forest and mountain fires erupt or erosion deposits of water flow. Water pollution can be caused by various things and has different characteristics.
Land Pollution
Land is a place to live various types of plants and other living things, including humans. Soil quality can be reduced because the erosion process by running water so that its fertility will be reduced. In addition, the decline in soil quality can also be caused by solid waste that pollutes the soil.
According to the source, solid waste can come from household (domestic), industrial and natural (plant) waste. As for its type, waste can be divided into organic waste and inorganic waste. Organic waste comes from the remains of living things, such as leaves, carcasses animals, and paper. As for inorganic waste usually comes from industrial waste, such as plastic, metal and cans.
Organic waste is generally easily destroyed and decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. As for inorganic waste is not easily destroyed so that it can reduce soil quality.
Air pollution
Air is said to be polluted if it contains elements that pollute the air. Forms of air pollutants are various, some are in the form of gases and some are in the form of liquid or solid particles.
Gas-Shaped Air Pollutants
Some gases that exceed the tolerance limits of the environment, and enter the air environment, can disrupt the life of living things. Airborne pollutants in the form of gas are carbon monoxide, sulfur compounds (SO2 and H2S), nitrogen compounds (NO2), and chloroflourocarbons (CFC).
CO2 levels that are too high in the air can cause air temperatures on the surface of the earth to rise and can disrupt the respiratory system. CO gas levels of more than 100 ppm in the blood can damage the nervous system and can cause death. SO2 and H2S gas can combine with water particles and cause acid rain. NO2 poisoning can cause respiratory system disorders, paralysis, and death. Meanwhile, CFCs can cause damage to the ozone layer in the atmosphere.
Air Pollutant Shaped Liquid or Solid Particles
Particles that pollute the air are in liquid or solid form. Particles in liquid form are water droplets or mist. Mist can cause shortness of breath if it is drawn into the lungs.
Particles in solid form can be in the form of volcanic ash or dust. In addition, it can also come from living things, such as bacteria, spores, viruses, pollen, or insects that have died. These particles are a source of diseases that can interfere with health human.
Particles that pollute the air can come from combustion of gasoline. Gasoline used in motor vehicles is usually mixed with lead compounds so that the combustion fast engine runs more perfect. Lead will regenerate with chlorine and bromine to form PbClBr particles. The particle will be scattered by the vehicle through the exhaust into the air so that it will pollute the air.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Understanding Country Territories - Border, Land, Ocean, Air, Location, Impact, Threat, Agreement
Impact of Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution and pollution bring many changes to the environment. For example, some species of animals and plants are extinct, and the presence of pollutants in vegetables, fish, and meat consumed.
Extinction of Species
Pollutants can poison various types of animals, even deadly. Various species of animals have different immunity to pollutants. Some are sensitive, some are resistant. Young animals and larvae are sensitive to pollutants. There are animals that can adapt so that they are immune to pollutants, some which is not. Even though animals adapt, it must be known that the degree of adaptation of animals has its limits. If the limit is exceeded, the animal will die.
Pest Blast
The use of insecticides can also kill predatory insects. Because predators are extinct, insect pests will develop without control. Spraying with insecticides can also cause some insect species to become resistant (resistant). To eradicate them, a higher dose of medication is needed than usual. As a result, pollution will increase.
Disruption of Environmental Balance
The extinction of certain species can change patterns of interaction within an ecosystem. Food chains, food webs, and energy flows change. As a result, the balance of the environment is disrupted. The material cycle and the biogeochemical cycle are disrupted.
Reduced Soil Fertility
The use of insecticides can kill soil fauna. This results in decreased soil fertility. Continual use of fertilizer can cause the soil to become acidic. This can also reduce soil fertility. (intercropping), and crop rotation. Crop rotation means planting different crops alternately on the same land.
Poisoning and Disease
People who consume vegetables, fish, and contaminated food can be poisoned. As a result of poisoning, people can experience liver damage, kidney damage, cancer, nerve damage, causing defects in their offspring and even death.
Water pollution
One negative impact of the progress of science and technology that is not used properly is pollution. Pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to become less or no longer able to function in accordance with allotment. This definition is in accordance with the definition of pollution in (Basic Law on Environmental Management.
Water pollution is a change in circumstances in a water reservoir such as lakes, rivers, oceans and ground water due to human activities. Lake, rivers, oceans and ground water are important parts in the cycle of human life and are one part of the hydrological cycle. water also drains sediment and pollutants. Various kinds of functions are very helpful for human life. The biggest use of lakes, rivers, oceans and ground water is for agricultural irrigation, raw materials for drinking water, as drainage channels for rainwater and wastewater, even as a potential tourist attraction.
In the order of human life, water plays an important role among others for drinking, cooking, washing and bathing. In addition, water is also much needed to irrigate fields, fields, industry, and much more.
Human actions in fulfilling daily activities have inadvertently increased the amount of inorganic material in water and polluted water. For example, the removal of detergents into water can have a negative impact on organisms in the waters. Fertilizing rice fields or fields with artificial fertilizers, then entering the waters will cause uncontrolled growth of aquatic plants called eutrophication or blooming. Some types of plants such as algae, water nails and water hyacinth will flourish and cover the surface of the water so that sunlight does not penetrate to the bottom of the water. As a result, plants that are below the surface cannot photosynthesize so that the oxygen content dissolved in water is reduced.
Other chemicals, such as pesticides or DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane) which are often used by farmers to eradicate plant pests can also adversely affect plants and other organisms. If in the aquatic ecosystem DDT or pesticide pollution occurs, DDT flow will occur.
The causes of water pollution as human activities include: household activities in the form of organic and inorganic waste which include: industrial waste, agriculture, animal husbandry, hospital waste, or particulates from forest and mountain fires erupt or erosion deposits of water flow. Water pollution can be caused by various things and has different characteristics.
Land Pollution
Land is a place to live various types of plants and other living things, including humans. Soil quality can be reduced because the erosion process by running water so that its fertility will be reduced. In addition, the decline in soil quality can also be caused by solid waste that pollutes the soil.
According to the source, solid waste can come from household (domestic), industrial and natural (plant) waste. As for its type, waste can be divided into organic waste and inorganic waste. Organic waste comes from the remains of living things, such as leaves, carcasses animals, and paper. As for inorganic waste usually comes from industrial waste, such as plastic, metal and cans.
Organic waste is generally easily destroyed and decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. As for inorganic waste is not easily destroyed so that it can reduce soil quality.
Air pollution
Air is said to be polluted if it contains elements that pollute the air. Forms of air pollutants are various, some are in the form of gases and some are in the form of liquid or solid particles.
Gas-Shaped Air Pollutants
Some gases that exceed the tolerance limits of the environment, and enter the air environment, can disrupt the life of living things. Airborne pollutants in the form of gas are carbon monoxide, sulfur compounds (SO2 and H2S), nitrogen compounds (NO2), and chloroflourocarbons (CFC).
CO2 levels that are too high in the air can cause air temperatures on the surface of the earth to rise and can disrupt the respiratory system. CO gas levels of more than 100 ppm in the blood can damage the nervous system and can cause death. SO2 and H2S gas can combine with water particles and cause acid rain. NO2 poisoning can cause respiratory system disorders, paralysis, and death. Meanwhile, CFCs can cause damage to the ozone layer in the atmosphere.
Air Pollutant Shaped Liquid or Solid Particles
Particles that pollute the air are in liquid or solid form. Particles in liquid form are water droplets or mist. Mist can cause shortness of breath if it is drawn into the lungs.
Particles in solid form can be in the form of volcanic ash or dust. In addition, it can also come from living things, such as bacteria, spores, viruses, pollen, or insects that have died. These particles are a source of diseases that can interfere with health human.
Particles that pollute the air can come from combustion of gasoline. Gasoline used in motor vehicles is usually mixed with lead compounds so that the combustion fast engine runs more perfect. Lead will regenerate with chlorine and bromine to form PbClBr particles. The particle will be scattered by the vehicle through the exhaust into the air so that it will pollute the air.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Understanding Country Territories - Border, Land, Ocean, Air, Location, Impact, Threat, Agreement
Impact of Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution and pollution bring many changes to the environment. For example, some species of animals and plants are extinct, and the presence of pollutants in vegetables, fish, and meat consumed.
Extinction of Species
Pollutants can poison various types of animals, even deadly. Various species of animals have different immunity to pollutants. Some are sensitive, some are resistant. Young animals and larvae are sensitive to pollutants. There are animals that can adapt so that they are immune to pollutants, some which is not. Even though animals adapt, it must be known that the degree of adaptation of animals has its limits. If the limit is exceeded, the animal will die.
Pest Blast
The use of insecticides can also kill predatory insects. Because predators are extinct, insect pests will develop without control. Spraying with insecticides can also cause some insect species to become resistant (resistant). To eradicate them, a higher dose of medication is needed than usual. As a result, pollution will increase.
Disruption of Environmental Balance
The extinction of certain species can change patterns of interaction within an ecosystem. Food chains, food webs, and energy flows change. As a result, the balance of the environment is disrupted. The material cycle and the biogeochemical cycle are disrupted.
Reduced Soil Fertility
The use of insecticides can kill soil fauna. This results in decreased soil fertility. Continual use of fertilizer can cause the soil to become acidic. This can also reduce soil fertility. (intercropping), and crop rotation. Crop rotation means planting different crops alternately on the same land.
Poisoning and Disease
People who consume vegetables, fish, and contaminated food can be poisoned. As a result of poisoning, people can experience liver damage, kidney damage, cancer, nerve damage, causing defects in their offspring and even death.
The Impact of Air Pollution on the Environment and Its Explanations
The Impact of Air Pollution on the Environment and Its Explanations
Impact of Air Pollution for the Environment
Smoke Effects on the Environment
All air pollution causes some damage to living things and the environment. Different types of pollutants cause various types of hazards.
On Particulates
On particulates will reduce visibility, in the western United States, people can now see usually only about 100 to 150 kilometers (60 to 90 miles), which is one-half to two-thirds of nature (per-pollution) which ranges on days that bright. In the east, people can only see about 40 to 60 kilometers (25-35 miles), about one fifth of the distance they can see without air pollution.
Particulates reduce the amount of sunlight that reaches the ground, which can reduce photosynthesis. Because particulates will form the core for rain, snow or other forms of rainfall, rainfall can increase when particles are high. The increase in particles in the air seems to increase the amount of rainwater, but their size often decreases.
By reducing sunlight, particulates can also change the temperature of the air as mentioned above. Imagine how much all particulate sources combine to reduce temperature. What might influence this on global warming.
On ozone
Ozone causes damage to several plants, since the effects of ozone damage continue to accumulate plants that usually live long starts to show damage. Some types of trees without starting to be affected. If forests contain ozone sensitive trees, they may die and be replaced by species that are not easily harmed. This can change the entire ecosystem, because pests and plants cannot survive without the habitat created by native trees.
Some plants that are intended as a result of damage by ozone, when exposed to ozone, spinach leaves become spotted. Soybeans and other crops have reduced productivity. In developing countries where getting every last bit of food energy from the agricultural system is very important, losses will be felt.
On Oxides
Oxide air pollutants also damage the environment. NO2 is a toxic gas with an orange-brown color which gives a distinctive orange air and an unpleasant odor. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides in the atmosphere make acids fall as acidic acids.
Lichens get a lot of their nutrients from the air so they might be a good indicator of changes in the atmosphere such as an increase in nitrogen. In Yosemite National Park, this can change the area's ecosystem and cause fires and other problems.
Summary
In increasing pertikulat can reduce photosynthesis, increase rainfall and reduce temperature. Ozone can damage native plants and some plants, plants by slowing growth or damaging leaves. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides are plutaneous gases. They can also create acids in the atmosphere that fall as acid rain.
Thus the discussion about the Impact of Air Pollution for the Environment and Explanation Hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge of all of you, thank you very much for your visit.
Definition of Pollution, Pollutants, Kinds, Types, Properties and Causes: is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, or other components in the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level which causes the environment to become less or no longer able to function
Definition of Pollution
Understanding Pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components in the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be inadequate or unable to function accordingly with its allotment (Basic Law on Environmental Management).
Definition of Pollutants
Pollutants are substances or materials that can cause pollution to the environment both (Pollution of Air, Land, Water, etc.). Pollution or environmental pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be less or unable to function again in accordance with its designation. The conditions of a substance are called pollutants if their existence can cause harm to living things. For example, carbon dioxide content of 0.033% in the air is beneficial for plants, but if it is higher than 0.033% it can have a detrimental effect.
Difference in Pollution and Pollutants
Pollution means pollution, can pollute air, sound, water, environment, etc. While pollutants are materials that cause environmental pollution, for example smoke, garbage, hazardous materials, etc.
Definition of the Environment
According to the Law, the environment is a unity of space with all objects, power, conditions, and living things, including humans and their behavior, which affects the survival and welfare of humans and other living things. While the scope of the world's environment includes the space, the place of the Unitary State of the World with the Archipelago Vision in exercising its sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction.
In the environment there is an ecosystem, namely the order of environmental elements which constitutes a comprehensive whole and influences each other in shaping the balance, stability, and productivity of the environment.
Referring to the above definition, the World environment is none other than the Archipelago Insight, which occupies a cross position between two continents and two oceans with a tropical climate and weather and season that provides natural conditions and position with a high strategic role, where the World nation holds state life in all its aspects
Definition of Environmental Pollution
"Pollution" means the entry or inclusion of living things, substances, energy and / or other components in water or air. Pollution can also mean changes in the composition (composition) of water or air by human activities and natural processes, so that the quality of water / air becomes less or no longer able to function in accordance with its designation. To prevent pollution to the environment by various industrial activities and human activities, it is necessary to control environmental pollution by setting environmental quality standards.
To prevent pollution to the environment by various industrial activities and human activities, it is necessary to control environmental pollution by setting environmental quality standards. Environmental quality standard is the limit of permissible levels for substances or pollutants found in the environment without causing disturbance to living things, plants or other objects.
At this time, pollution to the environment is taking place everywhere at a very fast rate. Now the burden of pollution in the environment is getting heavier with the inclusion of industrial waste from various chemicals including heavy metals.
Impact of Air Pollution for the Environment
Smoke Effects on the Environment
All air pollution causes some damage to living things and the environment. Different types of pollutants cause various types of hazards.
On Particulates
On particulates will reduce visibility, in the western United States, people can now see usually only about 100 to 150 kilometers (60 to 90 miles), which is one-half to two-thirds of nature (per-pollution) which ranges on days that bright. In the east, people can only see about 40 to 60 kilometers (25-35 miles), about one fifth of the distance they can see without air pollution.
Particulates reduce the amount of sunlight that reaches the ground, which can reduce photosynthesis. Because particulates will form the core for rain, snow or other forms of rainfall, rainfall can increase when particles are high. The increase in particles in the air seems to increase the amount of rainwater, but their size often decreases.
By reducing sunlight, particulates can also change the temperature of the air as mentioned above. Imagine how much all particulate sources combine to reduce temperature. What might influence this on global warming.
On ozone
Ozone causes damage to several plants, since the effects of ozone damage continue to accumulate plants that usually live long starts to show damage. Some types of trees without starting to be affected. If forests contain ozone sensitive trees, they may die and be replaced by species that are not easily harmed. This can change the entire ecosystem, because pests and plants cannot survive without the habitat created by native trees.
Some plants that are intended as a result of damage by ozone, when exposed to ozone, spinach leaves become spotted. Soybeans and other crops have reduced productivity. In developing countries where getting every last bit of food energy from the agricultural system is very important, losses will be felt.
On Oxides
Oxide air pollutants also damage the environment. NO2 is a toxic gas with an orange-brown color which gives a distinctive orange air and an unpleasant odor. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides in the atmosphere make acids fall as acidic acids.
Lichens get a lot of their nutrients from the air so they might be a good indicator of changes in the atmosphere such as an increase in nitrogen. In Yosemite National Park, this can change the area's ecosystem and cause fires and other problems.
Summary
In increasing pertikulat can reduce photosynthesis, increase rainfall and reduce temperature. Ozone can damage native plants and some plants, plants by slowing growth or damaging leaves. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides are plutaneous gases. They can also create acids in the atmosphere that fall as acid rain.
Thus the discussion about the Impact of Air Pollution for the Environment and Explanation Hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge of all of you, thank you very much for your visit.
Definition of Pollution, Pollutants, Kinds, Types, Properties and Causes: is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, or other components in the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level which causes the environment to become less or no longer able to function
Definition of Pollution
Understanding Pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components in the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be inadequate or unable to function accordingly with its allotment (Basic Law on Environmental Management).
Definition of Pollutants
Pollutants are substances or materials that can cause pollution to the environment both (Pollution of Air, Land, Water, etc.). Pollution or environmental pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be less or unable to function again in accordance with its designation. The conditions of a substance are called pollutants if their existence can cause harm to living things. For example, carbon dioxide content of 0.033% in the air is beneficial for plants, but if it is higher than 0.033% it can have a detrimental effect.
Difference in Pollution and Pollutants
Pollution means pollution, can pollute air, sound, water, environment, etc. While pollutants are materials that cause environmental pollution, for example smoke, garbage, hazardous materials, etc.
Definition of the Environment
According to the Law, the environment is a unity of space with all objects, power, conditions, and living things, including humans and their behavior, which affects the survival and welfare of humans and other living things. While the scope of the world's environment includes the space, the place of the Unitary State of the World with the Archipelago Vision in exercising its sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction.
In the environment there is an ecosystem, namely the order of environmental elements which constitutes a comprehensive whole and influences each other in shaping the balance, stability, and productivity of the environment.
Referring to the above definition, the World environment is none other than the Archipelago Insight, which occupies a cross position between two continents and two oceans with a tropical climate and weather and season that provides natural conditions and position with a high strategic role, where the World nation holds state life in all its aspects
Definition of Environmental Pollution
"Pollution" means the entry or inclusion of living things, substances, energy and / or other components in water or air. Pollution can also mean changes in the composition (composition) of water or air by human activities and natural processes, so that the quality of water / air becomes less or no longer able to function in accordance with its designation. To prevent pollution to the environment by various industrial activities and human activities, it is necessary to control environmental pollution by setting environmental quality standards.
To prevent pollution to the environment by various industrial activities and human activities, it is necessary to control environmental pollution by setting environmental quality standards. Environmental quality standard is the limit of permissible levels for substances or pollutants found in the environment without causing disturbance to living things, plants or other objects.
At this time, pollution to the environment is taking place everywhere at a very fast rate. Now the burden of pollution in the environment is getting heavier with the inclusion of industrial waste from various chemicals including heavy metals.
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