5 Five Senses (Physiology): Functions, Images, and Parts
5 Panca Indra (Physiology): Functions, Images and Complete Parts - Every human being has been granted five senses by the creator, so that we can carry out daily activities using the five senses that have been granted by the creator. On this occasion here will be a complete review of the Five Senses. For that, let's look at the reviews below.
Understanding the Five Senses
The five senses are the organs of the body which have a function of knowing external circumstances. The human sense organ is often referred to as the five senses, because it consists of five senses namely the sense of sight (eyes), the sense of hearing (ears), the smell / smell (nose), the sense of taste (tongue) and the sense of touch (skin). The senses are the interface, contact between the soul in the form of spiritual self-awareness and environmental matter. In Hinduism there are eleven types of flavors and are referred to as eka dasa indriya.
Various Kinds of Five Senses
1. Eyes
The eye is the senses whose function is to see the surrounding environment in the form of images, so that the eye can recognize objects that are around it quickly.
The eye is the sense of sight that receives an excitatory form of light (photooreceptors). The eye is composed of eye enhancements, eyeballs, eyeball muscles, and optic nerves II.
This eye enhancement tool has a function to protect the eyes from interference in the environment. These eyebrows function to protect the eyes from sweat, while the eyelids to protect the eyes from collisions and the eyelashes function to protect the eyes from strong light, dust and dirt.
parts of the eye and its functions are as follows:
The cornea of the eye, has the function of receiving a light stimulus and passing it on to the deeper part of the eye.
The eyepiece has a function to continue and focus on light so that the shadow of an object falls into the eyepiece.
Iris has a function to regulate how much or at least a light enters the eye.
Pupils have a function as the entrance of a light.
The retina has the function of forming an image of an object which is then sent by the eye nerve to the brain.
The eye muscles have the function to regulate an eyeball movement.
The eye nerve, has the function to carry on a stimulation of light from the retina to the brain.
The way the eye works is as follows:
The light goes to the aqueous humor then goes to the pupil and continues to the lens then goes to the vetreous humor then goes to the retina then goes to the optic nerve and finally to the brain.
2. Ears
The ear is a sense organ that functions to hear the sounds that are around us. The ear is the sense of hearing which receives a stimulation in the form of sound (phonoreceptors). Another function of the ear is that the ear functions as a balance tool.
Ears
Namely as follows:
The outer ear consists of the auricle, ear hole and auditory canal.
The middle ear consists of the eardrum, 3 listening bones (hammer, foundation and stirrup) and the eustachian tubes.
The inner ear which consists of a body balance tool, three semicircular channels, jorong casement, round casement and cochlea (cochlea)
The function of the listener's senses:
The auricle, ear hole and auditory canal have the function to capture and collect a sound wave.
This eardrum has the function of receiving an excitatory sound and passing it on to a deeper part.
Three hearing bones (hammer bones, foundation and stirrup) have the function of amplifying a vibration and transmitting it to the cochlea or cochlea.
Jorong cage, round cage, three semicircular channels and cochlea (the cochlea) have the function to change impulses and are transmitted to the brain. the Three semicircular channels also have a function to maintain body balance.
Eustachian tube functions to connect an oral cavity with the outer ear.
The way the ear works is as follows.
the auricle then goes to the ear canal then goes to the eardrum then goes to the three hearing bones then goes to the cochlea and then goes to the hair cells in the cortical organ then goes to the audiotory nerve cells and finally to the brain.
3. Sensory Odor (Nose)
The nose is the senses that we use to recognize an environment or something from the aroma produced. Fibers in the olfactory nerve are found in the upper part of the nasal mucous membrane. These olfactory fibers have a function to detect excitatory chemicals in the form of gases in the air (chemoreceptors).
Parts of the nose
namely as follows:
The nostril has a function for the entry and exit of air.
Nasal hair has the function to filter out an incoming air when breathing.
The mucous membrane has a function as a place to attach a dirt and as a sense of smell.
These nerve fibers have a function to detect chemicals present in the respiratory air.
This nerve has a function to send odors to parts of the brain.
How the nose works
is as follows :
Stimulation (odor) goes to the nostrils then goes to the olfactory epithelium then goes to the olfactory mucosa then goes to the olfactory nerve then goes to the thalamus then goes to the hypothalamus and finally goes to the brain.
4. Taste Taste (Tongue)
The tongue is one of the senses that has the function to feel the taste stimulation from food that enters our mouths. The tongue can respond to various types and various flavors such as sweetness, bitter taste, sour taste and saltiness.
On the tongue there are two groups of muscles, namely intrinsic muscles (making a smooth motion) and extrinsic muscles (making a rough movement when chewing and swallowing and linking the tongue to the surrounding parts).
On the part of the tongue that is called a papilla which is the nerve end of the taste bud. Each of these taste buds has a sensitivity to certain tastes based on their location on the tongue. At the base of the tongue can taste the bitter taste, at the edge of the tongue to taste the taste of salt and acid and at the tip of the tongue functions to taste sweet taste.
On the surface of the tongue covered by three kinds of papillae are as follows.
Papilla sirku valata
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
The way the tongue works is as follows:
Food / solution tastes to the papilla of the tongue then to the gustatory nerve then to the medulla oblongata then to the thalamus and finally to the brain.
5. Feeling Touch (Skin)
The skin is one of the senses that is able to receive a stimulus temperature temperature, touch, pain, pressure, texture, and so forth. In the skin there is a receptor that is sensitive to a physical stimulus (mechanoreceptor).
Examples are touch, pressure, pressure, coldness, and pain. These receptors are either free nerve endings or nerve endings wrapped in a connective tissue capsule.
Generally, in each type of receptor can only accept one type of excitement. The skin has a function as an inner protective device, for example in muscles and bones, and as a tactile device equipped with a variety of receptors that are sensitive to a variety of stimuli, namely as an excretion tool and for regulating body temperature.
Skin Parts and Functions:
The epidermis has a function to prevent the entry of a germ of disease and to prevent the evaporation of water from the body.
Sweat glands have the function to produce a sweat.
The layer of fat has a function to warm a body.
Hair movers have the function to regulate a hair's movement.
Blood vessels have the function to drain blood throughout the body.
The five senses are one of God's gifts for humans. and has its own advantages over other living things.
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Understanding Weeds And Diseases In Plants With Examples
Understanding Weeds And Diseases In Plants With Examples
After studying various types of pests in plants, the discussion will examine the understanding of weeds and diseases in plants. Now see the review below.
Weed Definition
Weeds are disturbing plants for cultivation. In contrast to pests and plant diseases, the effect caused by weeds is not seen directly and runs slowly. But overall the losses incurred are very large. This weed can be able to compete strongly with cultivation plants to meet the needs of nutrients, water, sunlight, air and growing space.
Examples of Plants That Include Weeds
Puzzle grass
Plant ferns
And water hyacinth
Some factors that cause losses due to competition between cultivation plants and weeds are:
Plant growth is inhibited so that the time starts to produce longer.
Decreased quantity and quality of production.
Weeds can become a den of pests and diseases.
Weed control is expensive.
Weed control is done in two ways, namely:
The traditional way to pull weeds directly.
The modern way is to spray using herbicides.
Understanding Plant Diseases
In addition to pests and weeds, there are more that can reduce the quality of plants, namely plant diseases. Plant disease can cause disruption of plant immune system against external influences. In general, this plant disease is caused by viru, bacteria and fungi.
corn plant disease
Examples of Plant Diseases
CVPD (Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration) CVPD is a disease that damages the filter veins in the stems of citrus plants. CVPD is caused by a virus.
TMV (Tobacco Mozaic Virus) TMV is a mosaic virus that attacks tobacco plants. The leaves of tobacco plants that are attacked by the mosaic virus become easily colored green stripes to dark green. The leaf size becomes relatively smaller compared to the normal leaf size. When young plants are attacked by this virus plant growth is stunted and eventually stunted.
Downy mildew is a disease that usually attacks corn plants. The reason is the fungus with the spread using spores that are blown by the wind.
Striped virus disease is a disease that usually attacks soybean plants. The cause is a virus by blasting through the wind.
Grass dwarf disease is a disease usually attacks rice plants. The cause of the virus by spreading through the mediation of planthopper pests.
To control this disease is done by controlling the intermediary animals namely plant hopper. The control methods are as follows.
Planting rice that is resistant to planthopper pests (VUTW)
Breaking the planthopper's breeding cycle by seeking crop rotation is to plant two types of plants in one field alternately.
Growing rice simultaneously in a large area with the same type of rice planted. This is done so that harvesting can be done simultaneously at one time. Thus there is a grace period that is the absence of rice at all so that the plant hopper does not get food and eventually die.
Kill planthopper directly by using an insecticide at the right dose. The right dose is very important so that planthopper pests can be eradicated without disturbing the balance of the ecosystem. White colors such as feathers or cotton which are often found on the leaves and stems of plants are actually pests in the form of colonies of hairy small insects. If you take a magnifying glass and you pay attention, you will see the shape of the insect that is the pest.
After studying various types of pests in plants, the discussion will examine the understanding of weeds and diseases in plants. Now see the review below.
Weed Definition
Weeds are disturbing plants for cultivation. In contrast to pests and plant diseases, the effect caused by weeds is not seen directly and runs slowly. But overall the losses incurred are very large. This weed can be able to compete strongly with cultivation plants to meet the needs of nutrients, water, sunlight, air and growing space.
Examples of Plants That Include Weeds
Puzzle grass
Plant ferns
And water hyacinth
Some factors that cause losses due to competition between cultivation plants and weeds are:
Plant growth is inhibited so that the time starts to produce longer.
Decreased quantity and quality of production.
Weeds can become a den of pests and diseases.
Weed control is expensive.
Weed control is done in two ways, namely:
The traditional way to pull weeds directly.
The modern way is to spray using herbicides.
Understanding Plant Diseases
In addition to pests and weeds, there are more that can reduce the quality of plants, namely plant diseases. Plant disease can cause disruption of plant immune system against external influences. In general, this plant disease is caused by viru, bacteria and fungi.
corn plant disease
Examples of Plant Diseases
CVPD (Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration) CVPD is a disease that damages the filter veins in the stems of citrus plants. CVPD is caused by a virus.
TMV (Tobacco Mozaic Virus) TMV is a mosaic virus that attacks tobacco plants. The leaves of tobacco plants that are attacked by the mosaic virus become easily colored green stripes to dark green. The leaf size becomes relatively smaller compared to the normal leaf size. When young plants are attacked by this virus plant growth is stunted and eventually stunted.
Downy mildew is a disease that usually attacks corn plants. The reason is the fungus with the spread using spores that are blown by the wind.
Striped virus disease is a disease that usually attacks soybean plants. The cause is a virus by blasting through the wind.
Grass dwarf disease is a disease usually attacks rice plants. The cause of the virus by spreading through the mediation of planthopper pests.
To control this disease is done by controlling the intermediary animals namely plant hopper. The control methods are as follows.
Planting rice that is resistant to planthopper pests (VUTW)
Breaking the planthopper's breeding cycle by seeking crop rotation is to plant two types of plants in one field alternately.
Growing rice simultaneously in a large area with the same type of rice planted. This is done so that harvesting can be done simultaneously at one time. Thus there is a grace period that is the absence of rice at all so that the plant hopper does not get food and eventually die.
Kill planthopper directly by using an insecticide at the right dose. The right dose is very important so that planthopper pests can be eradicated without disturbing the balance of the ecosystem. White colors such as feathers or cotton which are often found on the leaves and stems of plants are actually pests in the form of colonies of hairy small insects. If you take a magnifying glass and you pay attention, you will see the shape of the insect that is the pest.
Understanding Herbicides and Examples
Understanding Herbicides and Examples
Herbicides are chemical compounds that kill plants or inhibit their normal growth. Herbicides in certain formulations and applications can be described as selective or nonselective herbicides. In agriculture selective herbicides are often used as a substitute for tillage or in combination with tillage and other agronomic practices to be able to control weeds without damaging crops.
Understanding Herbicides
With a non-till or low-till system, scientists have used biotechnology to develop plant varieties with increased tolerance for herbicides. Nonselective herbicides (for example, paraquat) which are poisonous to all plants, are used when needed to fully control plant growth.
Definition of Herbicide
Contact herbicides will kill only those parts of the plant they touch, systemic herbicides are absorbed by leaves or roots and are translocated to other parts of the plant. Preemergence herbicides, mixed into the soil, will kill germinating seeds and small seeds. Postemergence herbicides either inhibit photosynthesis or inhibit growth.
Chemical herbicides were originally inorganic compounds. Herbicides such as ash, salt and a type of bird have been used in agriculture since ancient times. In 1900 a solution of sulfuric acid, iron sulfate, copper nitrate and ammonium and potassium salts which were also known to act as selective herbicides, soon afterwards sodium arsenite solutions became standard herbicides and they were used in large quantities until around 1960. Other inorganic herbicides included ammonium sulfamate, carbon bisulfide, sodium chlorate, sulfuric acid solution and boric containing formulations.
In organic herbicides began to be produced in earnest with dinitrophenol compounds in 1932. A breakthrough occurred in the 1940s with 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), a compound similar to plant hormones, which is an herbicide very selective systemic when used in very small quantities. 1,4-D was quickly adopted to control broadleaf weeds in corn, sorgun, small grains and grasslands as well as in other grasses and ornamental grasses.
Phenoxy aliphatic acids and their derivatives are another large group of organic herbicides, which succeed because of their selectivity and ease of translocation. Other groups of organic herbicides include organic arsenic and urea, heterocyclic nitrogen acids, phenol derivatives, triazine and sulfonylureas.
In the 1960s and 197s, a combination of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T was widely used in Vietnam as a defoliant under the name Agent Orange. Because it has possible health impacts from the use of Orange Agents, the possibility of ecological and health hazards caused by herbicides has resulted in a re-evaluation of many compounds. The use of 2,4,5-T dioxins was banned in the United States in 1984. In 1975, Mexico, at the insistence of the United States government, began spraying marijuana fields with paracels both of which eliminated plants and raised concerns about toxic side effects on cannabis users.
Glyphosate, a compound that was first identified as an herbicide in 1970 and sold starting in the 1970s under the trade name Roundup has been widely used as a herbaceous killer in a broad spectrum because of its toxicity and tendency to decrease relatively quickly in a relatively low environment.
Beginning in the 1990s, the use of plant strains that are resistant to the effects of herbicides has also contributed to their widespread use. However, this use led to the development of so-called super weeds that have developed glyphosate resistance.
Biotechnology in the Formation of New Superior Plant Varieties
In the application of biotechnology in forming superior new plants, many have been developed because human needs are increasing. In addition, the application of plant biotechnology can facilitate a farmer in the process of crop cultivation. Some new superior types of plants made using biotechnology are as follows.
Burbank russet potato is a potato that has a high starch content and is able to produce better fried potatoes and potato chips.
Low nicotine tobacco is a type of tobacco which is considered to reduce the risk of cancer due to smoking.
Golden rice is a grain that is yellow like gold and contains carotenoids.
Flavrsavr tomatoes are tomatoes whose ripe fruit does not rot easily.
Herbicides are chemical compounds that kill plants or inhibit their normal growth. Herbicides in certain formulations and applications can be described as selective or nonselective herbicides. In agriculture selective herbicides are often used as a substitute for tillage or in combination with tillage and other agronomic practices to be able to control weeds without damaging crops.
Understanding Herbicides
With a non-till or low-till system, scientists have used biotechnology to develop plant varieties with increased tolerance for herbicides. Nonselective herbicides (for example, paraquat) which are poisonous to all plants, are used when needed to fully control plant growth.
Definition of Herbicide
Contact herbicides will kill only those parts of the plant they touch, systemic herbicides are absorbed by leaves or roots and are translocated to other parts of the plant. Preemergence herbicides, mixed into the soil, will kill germinating seeds and small seeds. Postemergence herbicides either inhibit photosynthesis or inhibit growth.
Chemical herbicides were originally inorganic compounds. Herbicides such as ash, salt and a type of bird have been used in agriculture since ancient times. In 1900 a solution of sulfuric acid, iron sulfate, copper nitrate and ammonium and potassium salts which were also known to act as selective herbicides, soon afterwards sodium arsenite solutions became standard herbicides and they were used in large quantities until around 1960. Other inorganic herbicides included ammonium sulfamate, carbon bisulfide, sodium chlorate, sulfuric acid solution and boric containing formulations.
In organic herbicides began to be produced in earnest with dinitrophenol compounds in 1932. A breakthrough occurred in the 1940s with 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), a compound similar to plant hormones, which is an herbicide very selective systemic when used in very small quantities. 1,4-D was quickly adopted to control broadleaf weeds in corn, sorgun, small grains and grasslands as well as in other grasses and ornamental grasses.
Phenoxy aliphatic acids and their derivatives are another large group of organic herbicides, which succeed because of their selectivity and ease of translocation. Other groups of organic herbicides include organic arsenic and urea, heterocyclic nitrogen acids, phenol derivatives, triazine and sulfonylureas.
In the 1960s and 197s, a combination of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T was widely used in Vietnam as a defoliant under the name Agent Orange. Because it has possible health impacts from the use of Orange Agents, the possibility of ecological and health hazards caused by herbicides has resulted in a re-evaluation of many compounds. The use of 2,4,5-T dioxins was banned in the United States in 1984. In 1975, Mexico, at the insistence of the United States government, began spraying marijuana fields with paracels both of which eliminated plants and raised concerns about toxic side effects on cannabis users.
Glyphosate, a compound that was first identified as an herbicide in 1970 and sold starting in the 1970s under the trade name Roundup has been widely used as a herbaceous killer in a broad spectrum because of its toxicity and tendency to decrease relatively quickly in a relatively low environment.
Beginning in the 1990s, the use of plant strains that are resistant to the effects of herbicides has also contributed to their widespread use. However, this use led to the development of so-called super weeds that have developed glyphosate resistance.
Biotechnology in the Formation of New Superior Plant Varieties
In the application of biotechnology in forming superior new plants, many have been developed because human needs are increasing. In addition, the application of plant biotechnology can facilitate a farmer in the process of crop cultivation. Some new superior types of plants made using biotechnology are as follows.
Burbank russet potato is a potato that has a high starch content and is able to produce better fried potatoes and potato chips.
Low nicotine tobacco is a type of tobacco which is considered to reduce the risk of cancer due to smoking.
Golden rice is a grain that is yellow like gold and contains carotenoids.
Flavrsavr tomatoes are tomatoes whose ripe fruit does not rot easily.
Radioactive Definitions and Effects for Health and Benefits in Agriculture
Radioactive Definitions and Effects for Health and Benefits in Agriculture
In this case the use of radioactive material, which is specifically radioactive radiation is based on the ability of radiation to cause changes such as ionizing the nucleus or molecules, breaking bonds between atoms so as to produce free radicals, making the nucleus or nucleons become radioactive and freeing up some heat energy.
To be able to be used effectively and efficiently, first identify to find out the type and amount of radiation to be used. This needs to be done because each type of radiation has unique characteristics so to determine its existence both in the type and amount of radiation it is also necessary to use methods and techniques that are also typical for each type of radiation.
Radioactive decay occurs in three main types - named alpha, beta and gamma decay with the first three-letter symbol of the Greek alphabet. Radioactive decay occurs in unstable atomic nuclei - those that do not have enough binding energy to hold the nucleus together due to excess either protons or neutrons, appearing in three main types - named alpha, beta and gamma decay with the first three letter symbol from the Greek alphabet.
Gamma radiation is the most million of the three and will be able to penetrate a few centimeters of lead. Beta particles will be absorbed by a few millimeters of aluminum while alpha particles will stop their tracks after a few centimeters of air or a piece of paper.
Effects on human health
There are two main health effects caused by radiation that act in the short and long term and also at shorter and greater distances. Radiation causes health problems by killing cells in the body and the amount and type of damage done depends on the radiation dose received and the time at which the dose was spread.
Radioactive materials that spread to a wider area can cause long-term health effects through prolonged exposure, especially if they enter the food chain or are inhaled or swallowed directly. Radioactive isotopes of iodine which undergo beta decay, can accumulate in the thyroid gland and can cause thyroid cancer.
Utilization in Agriculture
As for the utilization in agriculture which include:
Eradication of Homo With Infertile Male Techniques
Radiation can cause biological effects such as cabbage pests, in the laboratory are bred cabbage pests in the form of a considerable amount. The pest is then radiationed so that male insects become infertile. After that the pest is released in the area attacked by pests. It is hoped that a marriage between local pests and infertile males will be released, eggs from such marriages will not hatch. Thus the pest reproduction is disrupted and will reduce the population.
Plant breeding
Plant breeding or formation of superior seeds can be done using radiation. For example rice breeding, rice seedlings are given radiation with doses that vary from the smallest dose that does not carry the effect to a lethal low dose. The irradiated seeds are then planted and placed in a garden in groups according to the size of their radiation doses.
Food Storage
We know that foodstuffs such as potatoes and onions if stored a long time will sprout. Radiation can inhibit the growth of such materials. So before the material is stored in a given dose of radiation so it will not sprout thus can be stored longer.
Thus the discussion on "Radioactive" Definition & (Effects for Health - Benefits in Agriculture) hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge of all of you, thank you very much for your visit.
Bioteknoloogi ini selain diterapakan didalam farmasi dan kedokteran dan pangan, juga bias diterapakan dalam bidang pertanian. Dalam pembuatan kompos dan biogas merupakan salah satu contoh yang sederhana dalam penerapan bioteknologi pertanian. Pemanfaatan bioteknologi pertanian pada zamam sekarang ini dilakukan dengan secara modern, berikut ini ada beberapa contoh dari bioteknologi pertanian.
Hydroponics and Aeroponics
Hydroponics is work by utilizing water. For methods used in hydroponics such as water culture using water media, sand culture methods using sand media and porous methods, among others, using gravel media and new brick fragments. With this sand method including successful and easy ways to apply.
The Advantages Of Using Hydroponics
Higher crop production
Use of fertilizer more efficiently
Does not depend on natural conditions
Plants are free from pests and diseases
Grow faster
Easy in the process
Does not require so much land
Fruits obtained by dihydroponics include cucumbers, paprika and lettuce, while plants that can be hydroponized are star fruit, guava water and melons.
Aeroponics is a type of hydroponics because water that contains nutrient solutions is sprayed in the form of mist to hit the roots of plants. The principle of the application of aeroponics is Styrofoam which is given planting holes with a distance of 15 cm, which is then using foam padding or rock wool, vegetable seedlings are embedded in the planting hole.
At the root of the plant will dangle freely downwards, then under the strands of Styrofoam there is a sprinkler or atomizer that emits a mist of nutrient solution up to the roots.
Plant Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture is a method or technique in isolating plant parts namely cells, tissues, organs and protoplasms and growing them on artificial media in aseptic conditions in a controlled space so that the parts of these plants will grow and develop into complete plants.
The part that is grown through tissue culture is called an explant. Explants used are usually from young plant tissue, such as shoots, young leaves and root tips.
Various Types of Plant Tissue Culture
Antherculture pollen is a tissue culture technique using explants from stamens or pollen.
Cloroplast culture is a tissue culture technique using chloroplast explants for the purpose of improving the properties of plants by making new varieties.
Culture maristem is a tissue culture technique using explants or plant parts from young or meristem tissues.
Protoplast culture is a tissue culture technique using parts of protoplast plants or living cells that have been removed from the cell wall.
Somatic cross or crossing of the protoplasm is the crossing of two kinds of protoplasm into one, then cultivating it into a small plant with a new nature.
In this case the use of radioactive material, which is specifically radioactive radiation is based on the ability of radiation to cause changes such as ionizing the nucleus or molecules, breaking bonds between atoms so as to produce free radicals, making the nucleus or nucleons become radioactive and freeing up some heat energy.
To be able to be used effectively and efficiently, first identify to find out the type and amount of radiation to be used. This needs to be done because each type of radiation has unique characteristics so to determine its existence both in the type and amount of radiation it is also necessary to use methods and techniques that are also typical for each type of radiation.
Radioactive decay occurs in three main types - named alpha, beta and gamma decay with the first three-letter symbol of the Greek alphabet. Radioactive decay occurs in unstable atomic nuclei - those that do not have enough binding energy to hold the nucleus together due to excess either protons or neutrons, appearing in three main types - named alpha, beta and gamma decay with the first three letter symbol from the Greek alphabet.
Gamma radiation is the most million of the three and will be able to penetrate a few centimeters of lead. Beta particles will be absorbed by a few millimeters of aluminum while alpha particles will stop their tracks after a few centimeters of air or a piece of paper.
Effects on human health
There are two main health effects caused by radiation that act in the short and long term and also at shorter and greater distances. Radiation causes health problems by killing cells in the body and the amount and type of damage done depends on the radiation dose received and the time at which the dose was spread.
Radioactive materials that spread to a wider area can cause long-term health effects through prolonged exposure, especially if they enter the food chain or are inhaled or swallowed directly. Radioactive isotopes of iodine which undergo beta decay, can accumulate in the thyroid gland and can cause thyroid cancer.
Utilization in Agriculture
As for the utilization in agriculture which include:
Eradication of Homo With Infertile Male Techniques
Radiation can cause biological effects such as cabbage pests, in the laboratory are bred cabbage pests in the form of a considerable amount. The pest is then radiationed so that male insects become infertile. After that the pest is released in the area attacked by pests. It is hoped that a marriage between local pests and infertile males will be released, eggs from such marriages will not hatch. Thus the pest reproduction is disrupted and will reduce the population.
Plant breeding
Plant breeding or formation of superior seeds can be done using radiation. For example rice breeding, rice seedlings are given radiation with doses that vary from the smallest dose that does not carry the effect to a lethal low dose. The irradiated seeds are then planted and placed in a garden in groups according to the size of their radiation doses.
Food Storage
We know that foodstuffs such as potatoes and onions if stored a long time will sprout. Radiation can inhibit the growth of such materials. So before the material is stored in a given dose of radiation so it will not sprout thus can be stored longer.
Thus the discussion on "Radioactive" Definition & (Effects for Health - Benefits in Agriculture) hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge of all of you, thank you very much for your visit.
Bioteknoloogi ini selain diterapakan didalam farmasi dan kedokteran dan pangan, juga bias diterapakan dalam bidang pertanian. Dalam pembuatan kompos dan biogas merupakan salah satu contoh yang sederhana dalam penerapan bioteknologi pertanian. Pemanfaatan bioteknologi pertanian pada zamam sekarang ini dilakukan dengan secara modern, berikut ini ada beberapa contoh dari bioteknologi pertanian.
Hydroponics and Aeroponics
Hydroponics is work by utilizing water. For methods used in hydroponics such as water culture using water media, sand culture methods using sand media and porous methods, among others, using gravel media and new brick fragments. With this sand method including successful and easy ways to apply.
The Advantages Of Using Hydroponics
Higher crop production
Use of fertilizer more efficiently
Does not depend on natural conditions
Plants are free from pests and diseases
Grow faster
Easy in the process
Does not require so much land
Fruits obtained by dihydroponics include cucumbers, paprika and lettuce, while plants that can be hydroponized are star fruit, guava water and melons.
Aeroponics is a type of hydroponics because water that contains nutrient solutions is sprayed in the form of mist to hit the roots of plants. The principle of the application of aeroponics is Styrofoam which is given planting holes with a distance of 15 cm, which is then using foam padding or rock wool, vegetable seedlings are embedded in the planting hole.
At the root of the plant will dangle freely downwards, then under the strands of Styrofoam there is a sprinkler or atomizer that emits a mist of nutrient solution up to the roots.
Plant Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture is a method or technique in isolating plant parts namely cells, tissues, organs and protoplasms and growing them on artificial media in aseptic conditions in a controlled space so that the parts of these plants will grow and develop into complete plants.
The part that is grown through tissue culture is called an explant. Explants used are usually from young plant tissue, such as shoots, young leaves and root tips.
Various Types of Plant Tissue Culture
Antherculture pollen is a tissue culture technique using explants from stamens or pollen.
Cloroplast culture is a tissue culture technique using chloroplast explants for the purpose of improving the properties of plants by making new varieties.
Culture maristem is a tissue culture technique using explants or plant parts from young or meristem tissues.
Protoplast culture is a tissue culture technique using parts of protoplast plants or living cells that have been removed from the cell wall.
Somatic cross or crossing of the protoplasm is the crossing of two kinds of protoplasm into one, then cultivating it into a small plant with a new nature.
Pollution and Environmental Damage Management
Pollution and Environmental Damage Management
Biological sensitization
Pollutants enter the environment through the food chain and food webs. Toxic substances that are discharged into the water can seep into the body of algae. Furthermore, the algae are eaten by small shrimp. The small shell is eaten by fish. If this fish is caught by humans then eaten, even polluted will enter the human body.
The process of increasing levels of pollutant substances passing through the body of living things is known as every biological attachment (in English known as biomagnification).
Ozone Hole Formed
The formation of ozone holes is one of the global problems. This is due to pollutants that can spread and cause impacts elsewhere. CFC gas, for example from Freon and spray, which soars can reach the stratosphere. In the stratosphere there is a layer of ozone gas (O3). This ozone layer is a protective (shield) of the earth from ultrabiolet light. If CFC gas reaches the ozone layer, there will be a reaction between CFC and ozone, so the ozone layer is "hollow".
Greenhouse effect
Another global problem is the greenhouse effect. CO2 gas produced from the combustion process increases CO2 levels in the atmosphere. As a result, the earth is shrouded in gases and pollutant dust. The CO2 gas content is higher because many forests are cut down, so it cannot absorb CO2.
Pollution and Environmental Damage Management
Various efforts have been made, both by the government and the community to tackle environmental pollution, including through counseling and environmental management. However, these efforts will not succeed if there is no community support and concern for the environment.
To prove our concern for the environment, we need to act. Some ways that can be done to tackle environmental pollution, including the following:
Throw garbage in its place
Throwing garbage into a river or a ditch will hamper the flow of water. As a result, waste will accumulate and rot. Decaying garbage besides causing unpleasant odors will also become a breeding ground for various types of diseases. In addition, it can cause flooding in the rainy season.
One way to tackle waste, especially household waste, is to use it as compost. The rubbish is separated between organic and inorganic waste.
Furthermore, organic waste is buried in the soil so it becomes compost. As for inorganic waste such as plastic and used cans, it can be recycled into household appliances and other items.
Management of Industrial Waste
Industrial waste, especially those containing chemicals, must be treated before being disposed of. This will reduce pollutants in the waters. Thus, material from pollutant waste containing toxic substances can be removed so that it does not disturb the ecosystem.
Placing factories or industrial estates in areas far from the crowds of the population. This is done to avoid the adverse effects of factory waste and factory smoke on people's lives.
Prevention of Air Pollution
Air pollution due to residual combustion of motor vehicles and factory fumes, can be prevented and overcome by reducing the use of fuel oil. Need to think about alternative sources of alternative fuels that are environmentally friendly, such as electric energy vehicles. In addition, efforts are made to record and limit the number of motorized vehicles that are eligible to operate. Especially the control and inspection of exhaust fumes and motor vehicle exhaust.
Greening is held in Big Cities
Plants are able to absorb CO2 in the air for photosynthesis. The existence of a green line will reduce CO2 levels in the air coming from motor vehicle fumes or factory fumes. Thus, green plants can reduce air pollution. In addition, green plants release O2 into the atmosphere.
The use of fertilizers and pesticides
Giving fertilizer to plants can increase agricultural output. However, on the other hand it can cause pollution if the fertilizer enters the waters. Eutrophicai is one of the negative impacts caused by artificial fertilizers that enter the waters.
Likewise with the use of anti-pest plants. If the use exceeds the specified dose will cause pollution. Besides being able to pollute the environment it can also cause the destruction of certain organisms needed, such as decomposing bacteria or insects that help pollinate plants.
Biological eradication of pests is an alternative that can reduce pollution and damage to agricultural ecosystems.
Reduction in the use of CFCs
To eliminate levels of CFCs in the atmosphere, it takes about one hundred years to overcome this, by reducing the use of unnecessary CFCs by humans. Reducing the use of CFCs can prevent damage to the ozone layer in the atmosphere so that it can reduce global warming.
Today, human behavior with arbitrary attitudes toward the environment has reached an alarming level. In addition to exploiting nature greedily, humans have also poisoned nature with various types of waste.
Properties of Pollutants
Pollutants are substances or materials that can cause pollution to the environment both (Pollution of Air, Land, Water, etc.). Pollution or environmental pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be less or unable to function again in accordance with its designation.
The conditions of a substance are called pollutants if their existence can cause harm to living things. For example, carbon dioxide with a content of 0.033% in the air is beneficial to plants, but if it is higher than 0.033% it can have a detrimental effect.
A substance can be called a pollutant if:
The amount exceeds the normal amount
Being at the wrong time
In the wrong place
The properties of the pollutant asa 2, namely:
Damaging for a while, but when it has reacted with environmental substances no longer damage
Damaging for a long time. For example Pb does not damage if the concentration is low. However, in the long term, Pb can accumulate in the body to a destructive level.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: "Radioactive" Definition & (Effects on Health - Benefits in Agriculture)
Types of Pollutants
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Motor vehicle smoke is a source of all the carbon monoxide that is emitted in many urban areas. Therefore, the reduction in carbon monoxide levels depends on automatic emission control such as calitis modifiers, which convert most carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Oh yes, Carbon monoxide is very dangerous, especially in pregnant women. Because it can result in fetal weight loss, increased infant mortality and brain damage. Poor right? So we must as much as possible reduce the activities of motor vehicle use.
Nitrogen Oxide: Nitrogen Oxide which occurs when combustion heat causes the unification of oxygen and nitrogen in the air poses various threat threats. This nitrogen oxide substance itself causes lung damage. After reacting in the atmosphere, these substances form very fine nitrate particles that penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs. These nitrate particles also, if joined with water either water in the lungs or water vapor in the clouds will form acids. Finally, these oxide substances react with unburned gasoline fumes and other hydrocarbon substances in sunlight and form low ozone or "smog" reddish-brown haze that blankets most cities in the world.
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: Sulfur Dioxide emissions arise from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur, especially coal used for power generation or household heating? This sharp but odorless gas can cause asthma attacks and, because it stays in the air, reacts and forms fine particles and acidic substances.
Particulate Objects: Particulate objects are often referred to as smoke or soot. these particulate objects are the most obvious air pollutants, eN is very dangerous ... you know? Some particulate matter comes out of the factory chimney as thick black smoke, but the most dangerous are the "fine particles" of granules that are so small that they can penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs. Most of these fine particles are formed with other pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, and are chemically altered and form nitrates and sulfates. Well, do you know what a particulate object is?
Hydrocarbons (HC): For those who are in junior high school and high school, you must know Hydrocarbons as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and also as reactive organic gases (ROG). Hydrocarbons are unburned gasoline vapors and by-products of incomplete combustion. Other types of hydrocarbons, some of which cause leukemia, cancer, or other serious diseases, take the form of a liquid for washing dry clothes to a fat removal agent for industry.
Ozone (Photochemical Fog): Ozone consists of hundreds of chemicals found in smog, formed when concentrated hydrocarbons in cities react with nitrogen oxides. Ozone is an oxidant that is so strong (other than chlorine) that some cities use it as a disinfectant for drinking water supplies.
Tin (Pb): This silvery gray metal which is highly toxic in every form is a very dangerous threat to children under 6 years of age, which they usually ingest in the form of paint flakes on the walls of the house. These heavy metals damage intelligence, inhibit growth, reduce the ability to hear and understand language, and eliminate concentration. Even very low levels of exposure always seem to be associated with low intelligence. Because the main source of tin is gasoline-fueled vehicle fumes containing tin, this pollutant can be found wherever there are cars, trucks and buses.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Gases formed when fuels that are rich in carbon content, such as coal or oil, burn are colorless and tasteless air pollutants, and are one type of "greenhouse" gas. So called because these gases trap geothermal heat like glass windows in a greenhouse.
Biological sensitization
Pollutants enter the environment through the food chain and food webs. Toxic substances that are discharged into the water can seep into the body of algae. Furthermore, the algae are eaten by small shrimp. The small shell is eaten by fish. If this fish is caught by humans then eaten, even polluted will enter the human body.
The process of increasing levels of pollutant substances passing through the body of living things is known as every biological attachment (in English known as biomagnification).
Ozone Hole Formed
The formation of ozone holes is one of the global problems. This is due to pollutants that can spread and cause impacts elsewhere. CFC gas, for example from Freon and spray, which soars can reach the stratosphere. In the stratosphere there is a layer of ozone gas (O3). This ozone layer is a protective (shield) of the earth from ultrabiolet light. If CFC gas reaches the ozone layer, there will be a reaction between CFC and ozone, so the ozone layer is "hollow".
Greenhouse effect
Another global problem is the greenhouse effect. CO2 gas produced from the combustion process increases CO2 levels in the atmosphere. As a result, the earth is shrouded in gases and pollutant dust. The CO2 gas content is higher because many forests are cut down, so it cannot absorb CO2.
Pollution and Environmental Damage Management
Various efforts have been made, both by the government and the community to tackle environmental pollution, including through counseling and environmental management. However, these efforts will not succeed if there is no community support and concern for the environment.
To prove our concern for the environment, we need to act. Some ways that can be done to tackle environmental pollution, including the following:
Throw garbage in its place
Throwing garbage into a river or a ditch will hamper the flow of water. As a result, waste will accumulate and rot. Decaying garbage besides causing unpleasant odors will also become a breeding ground for various types of diseases. In addition, it can cause flooding in the rainy season.
One way to tackle waste, especially household waste, is to use it as compost. The rubbish is separated between organic and inorganic waste.
Furthermore, organic waste is buried in the soil so it becomes compost. As for inorganic waste such as plastic and used cans, it can be recycled into household appliances and other items.
Management of Industrial Waste
Industrial waste, especially those containing chemicals, must be treated before being disposed of. This will reduce pollutants in the waters. Thus, material from pollutant waste containing toxic substances can be removed so that it does not disturb the ecosystem.
Placing factories or industrial estates in areas far from the crowds of the population. This is done to avoid the adverse effects of factory waste and factory smoke on people's lives.
Prevention of Air Pollution
Air pollution due to residual combustion of motor vehicles and factory fumes, can be prevented and overcome by reducing the use of fuel oil. Need to think about alternative sources of alternative fuels that are environmentally friendly, such as electric energy vehicles. In addition, efforts are made to record and limit the number of motorized vehicles that are eligible to operate. Especially the control and inspection of exhaust fumes and motor vehicle exhaust.
Greening is held in Big Cities
Plants are able to absorb CO2 in the air for photosynthesis. The existence of a green line will reduce CO2 levels in the air coming from motor vehicle fumes or factory fumes. Thus, green plants can reduce air pollution. In addition, green plants release O2 into the atmosphere.
The use of fertilizers and pesticides
Giving fertilizer to plants can increase agricultural output. However, on the other hand it can cause pollution if the fertilizer enters the waters. Eutrophicai is one of the negative impacts caused by artificial fertilizers that enter the waters.
Likewise with the use of anti-pest plants. If the use exceeds the specified dose will cause pollution. Besides being able to pollute the environment it can also cause the destruction of certain organisms needed, such as decomposing bacteria or insects that help pollinate plants.
Biological eradication of pests is an alternative that can reduce pollution and damage to agricultural ecosystems.
Reduction in the use of CFCs
To eliminate levels of CFCs in the atmosphere, it takes about one hundred years to overcome this, by reducing the use of unnecessary CFCs by humans. Reducing the use of CFCs can prevent damage to the ozone layer in the atmosphere so that it can reduce global warming.
Today, human behavior with arbitrary attitudes toward the environment has reached an alarming level. In addition to exploiting nature greedily, humans have also poisoned nature with various types of waste.
Properties of Pollutants
Pollutants are substances or materials that can cause pollution to the environment both (Pollution of Air, Land, Water, etc.). Pollution or environmental pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be less or unable to function again in accordance with its designation.
The conditions of a substance are called pollutants if their existence can cause harm to living things. For example, carbon dioxide with a content of 0.033% in the air is beneficial to plants, but if it is higher than 0.033% it can have a detrimental effect.
A substance can be called a pollutant if:
The amount exceeds the normal amount
Being at the wrong time
In the wrong place
The properties of the pollutant asa 2, namely:
Damaging for a while, but when it has reacted with environmental substances no longer damage
Damaging for a long time. For example Pb does not damage if the concentration is low. However, in the long term, Pb can accumulate in the body to a destructive level.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: "Radioactive" Definition & (Effects on Health - Benefits in Agriculture)
Types of Pollutants
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Motor vehicle smoke is a source of all the carbon monoxide that is emitted in many urban areas. Therefore, the reduction in carbon monoxide levels depends on automatic emission control such as calitis modifiers, which convert most carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Oh yes, Carbon monoxide is very dangerous, especially in pregnant women. Because it can result in fetal weight loss, increased infant mortality and brain damage. Poor right? So we must as much as possible reduce the activities of motor vehicle use.
Nitrogen Oxide: Nitrogen Oxide which occurs when combustion heat causes the unification of oxygen and nitrogen in the air poses various threat threats. This nitrogen oxide substance itself causes lung damage. After reacting in the atmosphere, these substances form very fine nitrate particles that penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs. These nitrate particles also, if joined with water either water in the lungs or water vapor in the clouds will form acids. Finally, these oxide substances react with unburned gasoline fumes and other hydrocarbon substances in sunlight and form low ozone or "smog" reddish-brown haze that blankets most cities in the world.
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: Sulfur Dioxide emissions arise from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur, especially coal used for power generation or household heating? This sharp but odorless gas can cause asthma attacks and, because it stays in the air, reacts and forms fine particles and acidic substances.
Particulate Objects: Particulate objects are often referred to as smoke or soot. these particulate objects are the most obvious air pollutants, eN is very dangerous ... you know? Some particulate matter comes out of the factory chimney as thick black smoke, but the most dangerous are the "fine particles" of granules that are so small that they can penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs. Most of these fine particles are formed with other pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, and are chemically altered and form nitrates and sulfates. Well, do you know what a particulate object is?
Hydrocarbons (HC): For those who are in junior high school and high school, you must know Hydrocarbons as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and also as reactive organic gases (ROG). Hydrocarbons are unburned gasoline vapors and by-products of incomplete combustion. Other types of hydrocarbons, some of which cause leukemia, cancer, or other serious diseases, take the form of a liquid for washing dry clothes to a fat removal agent for industry.
Ozone (Photochemical Fog): Ozone consists of hundreds of chemicals found in smog, formed when concentrated hydrocarbons in cities react with nitrogen oxides. Ozone is an oxidant that is so strong (other than chlorine) that some cities use it as a disinfectant for drinking water supplies.
Tin (Pb): This silvery gray metal which is highly toxic in every form is a very dangerous threat to children under 6 years of age, which they usually ingest in the form of paint flakes on the walls of the house. These heavy metals damage intelligence, inhibit growth, reduce the ability to hear and understand language, and eliminate concentration. Even very low levels of exposure always seem to be associated with low intelligence. Because the main source of tin is gasoline-fueled vehicle fumes containing tin, this pollutant can be found wherever there are cars, trucks and buses.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Gases formed when fuels that are rich in carbon content, such as coal or oil, burn are colorless and tasteless air pollutants, and are one type of "greenhouse" gas. So called because these gases trap geothermal heat like glass windows in a greenhouse.
Various Types of Environmental Pollution
Various Types of Environmental Pollution
Water pollution
One negative impact of the progress of science and technology that is not used properly is pollution. Pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to become less or no longer able to function in accordance with allotment. This definition is in accordance with the definition of pollution in (Basic Law on Environmental Management.
Water pollution is a change in circumstances in a water reservoir such as lakes, rivers, oceans and ground water due to human activities. Lake, rivers, oceans and ground water are important parts in the cycle of human life and are one part of the hydrological cycle. water also drains sediment and pollutants. Various kinds of functions are very helpful for human life. The biggest use of lakes, rivers, oceans and ground water is for agricultural irrigation, raw materials for drinking water, as drainage channels for rainwater and wastewater, even as a potential tourist attraction.
In the order of human life, water plays an important role among others for drinking, cooking, washing and bathing. In addition, water is also much needed to irrigate fields, fields, industry, and much more.
Human actions in fulfilling daily activities have inadvertently increased the amount of inorganic material in water and polluted water. For example, the removal of detergents into water can have a negative impact on organisms in the waters. Fertilizing rice fields or fields with artificial fertilizers, then entering the waters will cause uncontrolled growth of aquatic plants called eutrophication or blooming. Some types of plants such as algae, water nails and water hyacinth will flourish and cover the surface of the water so that sunlight does not penetrate to the bottom of the water. As a result, plants that are below the surface cannot photosynthesize so that the oxygen content dissolved in water is reduced.
Other chemicals, such as pesticides or DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane) which are often used by farmers to eradicate plant pests can also adversely affect plants and other organisms. If in the aquatic ecosystem DDT or pesticide pollution occurs, DDT flow will occur.
The causes of water pollution as human activities include: household activities in the form of organic and inorganic waste which include: industrial waste, agriculture, animal husbandry, hospital waste, or particulates from forest and mountain fires erupt or erosion deposits of water flow. Water pollution can be caused by various things and has different characteristics.
Land Pollution
Land is a place to live various types of plants and other living things, including humans. Soil quality can be reduced because the erosion process by running water so that its fertility will be reduced. In addition, the decline in soil quality can also be caused by solid waste that pollutes the soil.
According to the source, solid waste can come from household (domestic), industrial and natural (plant) waste. As for its type, waste can be divided into organic waste and inorganic waste. Organic waste comes from the remains of living things, such as leaves, carcasses animals, and paper. As for inorganic waste usually comes from industrial waste, such as plastic, metal and cans.
Organic waste is generally easily destroyed and decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. As for inorganic waste is not easily destroyed so that it can reduce soil quality.
Air pollution
Air is said to be polluted if it contains elements that pollute the air. Forms of air pollutants are various, some are in the form of gases and some are in the form of liquid or solid particles.
Gas-Shaped Air Pollutants
Some gases that exceed the tolerance limits of the environment, and enter the air environment, can disrupt the life of living things. Airborne pollutants in the form of gas are carbon monoxide, sulfur compounds (SO2 and H2S), nitrogen compounds (NO2), and chloroflourocarbons (CFC).
CO2 levels that are too high in the air can cause air temperatures on the surface of the earth to rise and can disrupt the respiratory system. CO gas levels of more than 100 ppm in the blood can damage the nervous system and can cause death. SO2 and H2S gas can combine with water particles and cause acid rain. NO2 poisoning can cause respiratory system disorders, paralysis, and death. Meanwhile, CFCs can cause damage to the ozone layer in the atmosphere.
Air Pollutant Shaped Liquid or Solid Particles
Particles that pollute the air are in liquid or solid form. Particles in liquid form are water droplets or mist. Mist can cause shortness of breath if it is drawn into the lungs.
Particles in solid form can be in the form of volcanic ash or dust. In addition, it can also come from living things, such as bacteria, spores, viruses, pollen, or insects that have died. These particles are a source of diseases that can interfere with health human.
Particles that pollute the air can come from combustion of gasoline. Gasoline used in motor vehicles is usually mixed with lead compounds so that the combustion fast engine runs more perfect. Lead will regenerate with chlorine and bromine to form PbClBr particles. The particle will be scattered by the vehicle through the exhaust into the air so that it will pollute the air.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Understanding Country Territories - Border, Land, Ocean, Air, Location, Impact, Threat, Agreement
Impact of Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution and pollution bring many changes to the environment. For example, some species of animals and plants are extinct, and the presence of pollutants in vegetables, fish, and meat consumed.
Extinction of Species
Pollutants can poison various types of animals, even deadly. Various species of animals have different immunity to pollutants. Some are sensitive, some are resistant. Young animals and larvae are sensitive to pollutants. There are animals that can adapt so that they are immune to pollutants, some which is not. Even though animals adapt, it must be known that the degree of adaptation of animals has its limits. If the limit is exceeded, the animal will die.
Pest Blast
The use of insecticides can also kill predatory insects. Because predators are extinct, insect pests will develop without control. Spraying with insecticides can also cause some insect species to become resistant (resistant). To eradicate them, a higher dose of medication is needed than usual. As a result, pollution will increase.
Disruption of Environmental Balance
The extinction of certain species can change patterns of interaction within an ecosystem. Food chains, food webs, and energy flows change. As a result, the balance of the environment is disrupted. The material cycle and the biogeochemical cycle are disrupted.
Reduced Soil Fertility
The use of insecticides can kill soil fauna. This results in decreased soil fertility. Continual use of fertilizer can cause the soil to become acidic. This can also reduce soil fertility. (intercropping), and crop rotation. Crop rotation means planting different crops alternately on the same land.
Poisoning and Disease
People who consume vegetables, fish, and contaminated food can be poisoned. As a result of poisoning, people can experience liver damage, kidney damage, cancer, nerve damage, causing defects in their offspring and even death.
Water pollution
One negative impact of the progress of science and technology that is not used properly is pollution. Pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to become less or no longer able to function in accordance with allotment. This definition is in accordance with the definition of pollution in (Basic Law on Environmental Management.
Water pollution is a change in circumstances in a water reservoir such as lakes, rivers, oceans and ground water due to human activities. Lake, rivers, oceans and ground water are important parts in the cycle of human life and are one part of the hydrological cycle. water also drains sediment and pollutants. Various kinds of functions are very helpful for human life. The biggest use of lakes, rivers, oceans and ground water is for agricultural irrigation, raw materials for drinking water, as drainage channels for rainwater and wastewater, even as a potential tourist attraction.
In the order of human life, water plays an important role among others for drinking, cooking, washing and bathing. In addition, water is also much needed to irrigate fields, fields, industry, and much more.
Human actions in fulfilling daily activities have inadvertently increased the amount of inorganic material in water and polluted water. For example, the removal of detergents into water can have a negative impact on organisms in the waters. Fertilizing rice fields or fields with artificial fertilizers, then entering the waters will cause uncontrolled growth of aquatic plants called eutrophication or blooming. Some types of plants such as algae, water nails and water hyacinth will flourish and cover the surface of the water so that sunlight does not penetrate to the bottom of the water. As a result, plants that are below the surface cannot photosynthesize so that the oxygen content dissolved in water is reduced.
Other chemicals, such as pesticides or DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane) which are often used by farmers to eradicate plant pests can also adversely affect plants and other organisms. If in the aquatic ecosystem DDT or pesticide pollution occurs, DDT flow will occur.
The causes of water pollution as human activities include: household activities in the form of organic and inorganic waste which include: industrial waste, agriculture, animal husbandry, hospital waste, or particulates from forest and mountain fires erupt or erosion deposits of water flow. Water pollution can be caused by various things and has different characteristics.
Land Pollution
Land is a place to live various types of plants and other living things, including humans. Soil quality can be reduced because the erosion process by running water so that its fertility will be reduced. In addition, the decline in soil quality can also be caused by solid waste that pollutes the soil.
According to the source, solid waste can come from household (domestic), industrial and natural (plant) waste. As for its type, waste can be divided into organic waste and inorganic waste. Organic waste comes from the remains of living things, such as leaves, carcasses animals, and paper. As for inorganic waste usually comes from industrial waste, such as plastic, metal and cans.
Organic waste is generally easily destroyed and decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. As for inorganic waste is not easily destroyed so that it can reduce soil quality.
Air pollution
Air is said to be polluted if it contains elements that pollute the air. Forms of air pollutants are various, some are in the form of gases and some are in the form of liquid or solid particles.
Gas-Shaped Air Pollutants
Some gases that exceed the tolerance limits of the environment, and enter the air environment, can disrupt the life of living things. Airborne pollutants in the form of gas are carbon monoxide, sulfur compounds (SO2 and H2S), nitrogen compounds (NO2), and chloroflourocarbons (CFC).
CO2 levels that are too high in the air can cause air temperatures on the surface of the earth to rise and can disrupt the respiratory system. CO gas levels of more than 100 ppm in the blood can damage the nervous system and can cause death. SO2 and H2S gas can combine with water particles and cause acid rain. NO2 poisoning can cause respiratory system disorders, paralysis, and death. Meanwhile, CFCs can cause damage to the ozone layer in the atmosphere.
Air Pollutant Shaped Liquid or Solid Particles
Particles that pollute the air are in liquid or solid form. Particles in liquid form are water droplets or mist. Mist can cause shortness of breath if it is drawn into the lungs.
Particles in solid form can be in the form of volcanic ash or dust. In addition, it can also come from living things, such as bacteria, spores, viruses, pollen, or insects that have died. These particles are a source of diseases that can interfere with health human.
Particles that pollute the air can come from combustion of gasoline. Gasoline used in motor vehicles is usually mixed with lead compounds so that the combustion fast engine runs more perfect. Lead will regenerate with chlorine and bromine to form PbClBr particles. The particle will be scattered by the vehicle through the exhaust into the air so that it will pollute the air.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Understanding Country Territories - Border, Land, Ocean, Air, Location, Impact, Threat, Agreement
Impact of Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution and pollution bring many changes to the environment. For example, some species of animals and plants are extinct, and the presence of pollutants in vegetables, fish, and meat consumed.
Extinction of Species
Pollutants can poison various types of animals, even deadly. Various species of animals have different immunity to pollutants. Some are sensitive, some are resistant. Young animals and larvae are sensitive to pollutants. There are animals that can adapt so that they are immune to pollutants, some which is not. Even though animals adapt, it must be known that the degree of adaptation of animals has its limits. If the limit is exceeded, the animal will die.
Pest Blast
The use of insecticides can also kill predatory insects. Because predators are extinct, insect pests will develop without control. Spraying with insecticides can also cause some insect species to become resistant (resistant). To eradicate them, a higher dose of medication is needed than usual. As a result, pollution will increase.
Disruption of Environmental Balance
The extinction of certain species can change patterns of interaction within an ecosystem. Food chains, food webs, and energy flows change. As a result, the balance of the environment is disrupted. The material cycle and the biogeochemical cycle are disrupted.
Reduced Soil Fertility
The use of insecticides can kill soil fauna. This results in decreased soil fertility. Continual use of fertilizer can cause the soil to become acidic. This can also reduce soil fertility. (intercropping), and crop rotation. Crop rotation means planting different crops alternately on the same land.
Poisoning and Disease
People who consume vegetables, fish, and contaminated food can be poisoned. As a result of poisoning, people can experience liver damage, kidney damage, cancer, nerve damage, causing defects in their offspring and even death.
The Impact of Air Pollution on the Environment and Its Explanations
The Impact of Air Pollution on the Environment and Its Explanations
Impact of Air Pollution for the Environment
Smoke Effects on the Environment
All air pollution causes some damage to living things and the environment. Different types of pollutants cause various types of hazards.
On Particulates
On particulates will reduce visibility, in the western United States, people can now see usually only about 100 to 150 kilometers (60 to 90 miles), which is one-half to two-thirds of nature (per-pollution) which ranges on days that bright. In the east, people can only see about 40 to 60 kilometers (25-35 miles), about one fifth of the distance they can see without air pollution.
Particulates reduce the amount of sunlight that reaches the ground, which can reduce photosynthesis. Because particulates will form the core for rain, snow or other forms of rainfall, rainfall can increase when particles are high. The increase in particles in the air seems to increase the amount of rainwater, but their size often decreases.
By reducing sunlight, particulates can also change the temperature of the air as mentioned above. Imagine how much all particulate sources combine to reduce temperature. What might influence this on global warming.
On ozone
Ozone causes damage to several plants, since the effects of ozone damage continue to accumulate plants that usually live long starts to show damage. Some types of trees without starting to be affected. If forests contain ozone sensitive trees, they may die and be replaced by species that are not easily harmed. This can change the entire ecosystem, because pests and plants cannot survive without the habitat created by native trees.
Some plants that are intended as a result of damage by ozone, when exposed to ozone, spinach leaves become spotted. Soybeans and other crops have reduced productivity. In developing countries where getting every last bit of food energy from the agricultural system is very important, losses will be felt.
On Oxides
Oxide air pollutants also damage the environment. NO2 is a toxic gas with an orange-brown color which gives a distinctive orange air and an unpleasant odor. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides in the atmosphere make acids fall as acidic acids.
Lichens get a lot of their nutrients from the air so they might be a good indicator of changes in the atmosphere such as an increase in nitrogen. In Yosemite National Park, this can change the area's ecosystem and cause fires and other problems.
Summary
In increasing pertikulat can reduce photosynthesis, increase rainfall and reduce temperature. Ozone can damage native plants and some plants, plants by slowing growth or damaging leaves. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides are plutaneous gases. They can also create acids in the atmosphere that fall as acid rain.
Thus the discussion about the Impact of Air Pollution for the Environment and Explanation Hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge of all of you, thank you very much for your visit.
Definition of Pollution, Pollutants, Kinds, Types, Properties and Causes: is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, or other components in the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level which causes the environment to become less or no longer able to function
Definition of Pollution
Understanding Pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components in the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be inadequate or unable to function accordingly with its allotment (Basic Law on Environmental Management).
Definition of Pollutants
Pollutants are substances or materials that can cause pollution to the environment both (Pollution of Air, Land, Water, etc.). Pollution or environmental pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be less or unable to function again in accordance with its designation. The conditions of a substance are called pollutants if their existence can cause harm to living things. For example, carbon dioxide content of 0.033% in the air is beneficial for plants, but if it is higher than 0.033% it can have a detrimental effect.
Difference in Pollution and Pollutants
Pollution means pollution, can pollute air, sound, water, environment, etc. While pollutants are materials that cause environmental pollution, for example smoke, garbage, hazardous materials, etc.
Definition of the Environment
According to the Law, the environment is a unity of space with all objects, power, conditions, and living things, including humans and their behavior, which affects the survival and welfare of humans and other living things. While the scope of the world's environment includes the space, the place of the Unitary State of the World with the Archipelago Vision in exercising its sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction.
In the environment there is an ecosystem, namely the order of environmental elements which constitutes a comprehensive whole and influences each other in shaping the balance, stability, and productivity of the environment.
Referring to the above definition, the World environment is none other than the Archipelago Insight, which occupies a cross position between two continents and two oceans with a tropical climate and weather and season that provides natural conditions and position with a high strategic role, where the World nation holds state life in all its aspects
Definition of Environmental Pollution
"Pollution" means the entry or inclusion of living things, substances, energy and / or other components in water or air. Pollution can also mean changes in the composition (composition) of water or air by human activities and natural processes, so that the quality of water / air becomes less or no longer able to function in accordance with its designation. To prevent pollution to the environment by various industrial activities and human activities, it is necessary to control environmental pollution by setting environmental quality standards.
To prevent pollution to the environment by various industrial activities and human activities, it is necessary to control environmental pollution by setting environmental quality standards. Environmental quality standard is the limit of permissible levels for substances or pollutants found in the environment without causing disturbance to living things, plants or other objects.
At this time, pollution to the environment is taking place everywhere at a very fast rate. Now the burden of pollution in the environment is getting heavier with the inclusion of industrial waste from various chemicals including heavy metals.
Impact of Air Pollution for the Environment
Smoke Effects on the Environment
All air pollution causes some damage to living things and the environment. Different types of pollutants cause various types of hazards.
On Particulates
On particulates will reduce visibility, in the western United States, people can now see usually only about 100 to 150 kilometers (60 to 90 miles), which is one-half to two-thirds of nature (per-pollution) which ranges on days that bright. In the east, people can only see about 40 to 60 kilometers (25-35 miles), about one fifth of the distance they can see without air pollution.
Particulates reduce the amount of sunlight that reaches the ground, which can reduce photosynthesis. Because particulates will form the core for rain, snow or other forms of rainfall, rainfall can increase when particles are high. The increase in particles in the air seems to increase the amount of rainwater, but their size often decreases.
By reducing sunlight, particulates can also change the temperature of the air as mentioned above. Imagine how much all particulate sources combine to reduce temperature. What might influence this on global warming.
On ozone
Ozone causes damage to several plants, since the effects of ozone damage continue to accumulate plants that usually live long starts to show damage. Some types of trees without starting to be affected. If forests contain ozone sensitive trees, they may die and be replaced by species that are not easily harmed. This can change the entire ecosystem, because pests and plants cannot survive without the habitat created by native trees.
Some plants that are intended as a result of damage by ozone, when exposed to ozone, spinach leaves become spotted. Soybeans and other crops have reduced productivity. In developing countries where getting every last bit of food energy from the agricultural system is very important, losses will be felt.
On Oxides
Oxide air pollutants also damage the environment. NO2 is a toxic gas with an orange-brown color which gives a distinctive orange air and an unpleasant odor. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides in the atmosphere make acids fall as acidic acids.
Lichens get a lot of their nutrients from the air so they might be a good indicator of changes in the atmosphere such as an increase in nitrogen. In Yosemite National Park, this can change the area's ecosystem and cause fires and other problems.
Summary
In increasing pertikulat can reduce photosynthesis, increase rainfall and reduce temperature. Ozone can damage native plants and some plants, plants by slowing growth or damaging leaves. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides are plutaneous gases. They can also create acids in the atmosphere that fall as acid rain.
Thus the discussion about the Impact of Air Pollution for the Environment and Explanation Hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge of all of you, thank you very much for your visit.
Definition of Pollution, Pollutants, Kinds, Types, Properties and Causes: is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, or other components in the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level which causes the environment to become less or no longer able to function
Definition of Pollution
Understanding Pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components in the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be inadequate or unable to function accordingly with its allotment (Basic Law on Environmental Management).
Definition of Pollutants
Pollutants are substances or materials that can cause pollution to the environment both (Pollution of Air, Land, Water, etc.). Pollution or environmental pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be less or unable to function again in accordance with its designation. The conditions of a substance are called pollutants if their existence can cause harm to living things. For example, carbon dioxide content of 0.033% in the air is beneficial for plants, but if it is higher than 0.033% it can have a detrimental effect.
Difference in Pollution and Pollutants
Pollution means pollution, can pollute air, sound, water, environment, etc. While pollutants are materials that cause environmental pollution, for example smoke, garbage, hazardous materials, etc.
Definition of the Environment
According to the Law, the environment is a unity of space with all objects, power, conditions, and living things, including humans and their behavior, which affects the survival and welfare of humans and other living things. While the scope of the world's environment includes the space, the place of the Unitary State of the World with the Archipelago Vision in exercising its sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction.
In the environment there is an ecosystem, namely the order of environmental elements which constitutes a comprehensive whole and influences each other in shaping the balance, stability, and productivity of the environment.
Referring to the above definition, the World environment is none other than the Archipelago Insight, which occupies a cross position between two continents and two oceans with a tropical climate and weather and season that provides natural conditions and position with a high strategic role, where the World nation holds state life in all its aspects
Definition of Environmental Pollution
"Pollution" means the entry or inclusion of living things, substances, energy and / or other components in water or air. Pollution can also mean changes in the composition (composition) of water or air by human activities and natural processes, so that the quality of water / air becomes less or no longer able to function in accordance with its designation. To prevent pollution to the environment by various industrial activities and human activities, it is necessary to control environmental pollution by setting environmental quality standards.
To prevent pollution to the environment by various industrial activities and human activities, it is necessary to control environmental pollution by setting environmental quality standards. Environmental quality standard is the limit of permissible levels for substances or pollutants found in the environment without causing disturbance to living things, plants or other objects.
At this time, pollution to the environment is taking place everywhere at a very fast rate. Now the burden of pollution in the environment is getting heavier with the inclusion of industrial waste from various chemicals including heavy metals.
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