Pollution and Environmental Damage Management
Biological sensitization
Pollutants enter the environment through the food chain and food webs. Toxic substances that are discharged into the water can seep into the body of algae. Furthermore, the algae are eaten by small shrimp. The small shell is eaten by fish. If this fish is caught by humans then eaten, even polluted will enter the human body.
The process of increasing levels of pollutant substances passing through the body of living things is known as every biological attachment (in English known as biomagnification).
Ozone Hole Formed
The formation of ozone holes is one of the global problems. This is due to pollutants that can spread and cause impacts elsewhere. CFC gas, for example from Freon and spray, which soars can reach the stratosphere. In the stratosphere there is a layer of ozone gas (O3). This ozone layer is a protective (shield) of the earth from ultrabiolet light. If CFC gas reaches the ozone layer, there will be a reaction between CFC and ozone, so the ozone layer is "hollow".
Greenhouse effect
Another global problem is the greenhouse effect. CO2 gas produced from the combustion process increases CO2 levels in the atmosphere. As a result, the earth is shrouded in gases and pollutant dust. The CO2 gas content is higher because many forests are cut down, so it cannot absorb CO2.
Pollution and Environmental Damage Management
Various efforts have been made, both by the government and the community to tackle environmental pollution, including through counseling and environmental management. However, these efforts will not succeed if there is no community support and concern for the environment.
To prove our concern for the environment, we need to act. Some ways that can be done to tackle environmental pollution, including the following:
Throw garbage in its place
Throwing garbage into a river or a ditch will hamper the flow of water. As a result, waste will accumulate and rot. Decaying garbage besides causing unpleasant odors will also become a breeding ground for various types of diseases. In addition, it can cause flooding in the rainy season.
One way to tackle waste, especially household waste, is to use it as compost. The rubbish is separated between organic and inorganic waste.
Furthermore, organic waste is buried in the soil so it becomes compost. As for inorganic waste such as plastic and used cans, it can be recycled into household appliances and other items.
Management of Industrial Waste
Industrial waste, especially those containing chemicals, must be treated before being disposed of. This will reduce pollutants in the waters. Thus, material from pollutant waste containing toxic substances can be removed so that it does not disturb the ecosystem.
Placing factories or industrial estates in areas far from the crowds of the population. This is done to avoid the adverse effects of factory waste and factory smoke on people's lives.
Prevention of Air Pollution
Air pollution due to residual combustion of motor vehicles and factory fumes, can be prevented and overcome by reducing the use of fuel oil. Need to think about alternative sources of alternative fuels that are environmentally friendly, such as electric energy vehicles. In addition, efforts are made to record and limit the number of motorized vehicles that are eligible to operate. Especially the control and inspection of exhaust fumes and motor vehicle exhaust.
Greening is held in Big Cities
Plants are able to absorb CO2 in the air for photosynthesis. The existence of a green line will reduce CO2 levels in the air coming from motor vehicle fumes or factory fumes. Thus, green plants can reduce air pollution. In addition, green plants release O2 into the atmosphere.
The use of fertilizers and pesticides
Giving fertilizer to plants can increase agricultural output. However, on the other hand it can cause pollution if the fertilizer enters the waters. Eutrophicai is one of the negative impacts caused by artificial fertilizers that enter the waters.
Likewise with the use of anti-pest plants. If the use exceeds the specified dose will cause pollution. Besides being able to pollute the environment it can also cause the destruction of certain organisms needed, such as decomposing bacteria or insects that help pollinate plants.
Biological eradication of pests is an alternative that can reduce pollution and damage to agricultural ecosystems.
Reduction in the use of CFCs
To eliminate levels of CFCs in the atmosphere, it takes about one hundred years to overcome this, by reducing the use of unnecessary CFCs by humans. Reducing the use of CFCs can prevent damage to the ozone layer in the atmosphere so that it can reduce global warming.
Today, human behavior with arbitrary attitudes toward the environment has reached an alarming level. In addition to exploiting nature greedily, humans have also poisoned nature with various types of waste.
Properties of Pollutants
Pollutants are substances or materials that can cause pollution to the environment both (Pollution of Air, Land, Water, etc.). Pollution or environmental pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, energy substances, and / or other components into the environment, or changes in the environmental order by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment drops to a certain level that causes the environment to be less or unable to function again in accordance with its designation.
The conditions of a substance are called pollutants if their existence can cause harm to living things. For example, carbon dioxide with a content of 0.033% in the air is beneficial to plants, but if it is higher than 0.033% it can have a detrimental effect.
A substance can be called a pollutant if:
The amount exceeds the normal amount
Being at the wrong time
In the wrong place
The properties of the pollutant asa 2, namely:
Damaging for a while, but when it has reacted with environmental substances no longer damage
Damaging for a long time. For example Pb does not damage if the concentration is low. However, in the long term, Pb can accumulate in the body to a destructive level.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: "Radioactive" Definition & (Effects on Health - Benefits in Agriculture)
Types of Pollutants
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Motor vehicle smoke is a source of all the carbon monoxide that is emitted in many urban areas. Therefore, the reduction in carbon monoxide levels depends on automatic emission control such as calitis modifiers, which convert most carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Oh yes, Carbon monoxide is very dangerous, especially in pregnant women. Because it can result in fetal weight loss, increased infant mortality and brain damage. Poor right? So we must as much as possible reduce the activities of motor vehicle use.
Nitrogen Oxide: Nitrogen Oxide which occurs when combustion heat causes the unification of oxygen and nitrogen in the air poses various threat threats. This nitrogen oxide substance itself causes lung damage. After reacting in the atmosphere, these substances form very fine nitrate particles that penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs. These nitrate particles also, if joined with water either water in the lungs or water vapor in the clouds will form acids. Finally, these oxide substances react with unburned gasoline fumes and other hydrocarbon substances in sunlight and form low ozone or "smog" reddish-brown haze that blankets most cities in the world.
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: Sulfur Dioxide emissions arise from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur, especially coal used for power generation or household heating? This sharp but odorless gas can cause asthma attacks and, because it stays in the air, reacts and forms fine particles and acidic substances.
Particulate Objects: Particulate objects are often referred to as smoke or soot. these particulate objects are the most obvious air pollutants, eN is very dangerous ... you know? Some particulate matter comes out of the factory chimney as thick black smoke, but the most dangerous are the "fine particles" of granules that are so small that they can penetrate the deepest parts of the lungs. Most of these fine particles are formed with other pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, and are chemically altered and form nitrates and sulfates. Well, do you know what a particulate object is?
Hydrocarbons (HC): For those who are in junior high school and high school, you must know Hydrocarbons as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and also as reactive organic gases (ROG). Hydrocarbons are unburned gasoline vapors and by-products of incomplete combustion. Other types of hydrocarbons, some of which cause leukemia, cancer, or other serious diseases, take the form of a liquid for washing dry clothes to a fat removal agent for industry.
Ozone (Photochemical Fog): Ozone consists of hundreds of chemicals found in smog, formed when concentrated hydrocarbons in cities react with nitrogen oxides. Ozone is an oxidant that is so strong (other than chlorine) that some cities use it as a disinfectant for drinking water supplies.
Tin (Pb): This silvery gray metal which is highly toxic in every form is a very dangerous threat to children under 6 years of age, which they usually ingest in the form of paint flakes on the walls of the house. These heavy metals damage intelligence, inhibit growth, reduce the ability to hear and understand language, and eliminate concentration. Even very low levels of exposure always seem to be associated with low intelligence. Because the main source of tin is gasoline-fueled vehicle fumes containing tin, this pollutant can be found wherever there are cars, trucks and buses.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Gases formed when fuels that are rich in carbon content, such as coal or oil, burn are colorless and tasteless air pollutants, and are one type of "greenhouse" gas. So called because these gases trap geothermal heat like glass windows in a greenhouse.