Vertebrates consist of five classes, namely:
Pisces,
amphibia,
reptile,
aves and
mammals.
Pisces
Pisces has a habitat in water with gill breathing apparatus. This animal has fins that serve to determine the direction of motion in water and has lateral lines to determine water pressure. Including cold-blooded animals (poikiloterm), which is body temperature adjusted to the environment. Pisces reproduce by laying eggs (oviparous).
Based on the type of bone fish are divided into 2 groups, namely:
Chondrichthyes or cartilage fish, for example: stingrays, sharks and cones.
Osteichthyes or hard bone fish, for example: carp, carp, carp, tuna.
Vertebrate pisces
Amphibia
Amphibia is an animal that can live in two habitats, namely land and water, but not all types of Amphibia live in two places of life. Some types of frogs, salamanders, and caecilians, some only live in water and some are only on land.
But its habitat as a whole is close to water and damp places like swamps and tropical rain forests. These animals breathe with gills and lungs and have a body temperature poikiloterm, breed by laying eggs (ovipar) and fertilization occurs outside the body (external).
Examples of Amphibian Animals: paddy frogs, salamanders, frogs
Amphibia
Reptiles
Reptiles (in Latin, reptiles = reptiles) have scaly skin made of horn (keratin). Scales function to prevent dryness. Other characteristics possessed by most reptiles are: five-fingered limbs, breathing with lungs, the heart of a bear three or four,
use environmental energy to regulate its body temperature so that it is classified as poikiloterm animals, internally fertilized, producing eggs so classified as oviparous with eggshell.
Reptiles include three major orders namely Chelonia or Testudines (shelled reptiles), Squamata or Lepidosauria (reptiles with scaly skin), and Crocodilia (crocodiles). Nation turtles have a hard shell (shield) called the karapaks (top) and plastron (bottom).
Reptiles
Aves
Aves has homoiterm body temperature (fixed body temperature, not affected by ambient temperature). Having a feathered body protects the body and the feathers that form the wings are used to fly. His bones are hollow so that they are light. Breed eggs (ovipar) and fertilization in the body.
Eggs are eggshell and have large egg yolks. Breathe with lungs and have air coffers which help breathing while flying.
Example: chicken, cassowary, penguin, duck, goose.
Aves hertabrata
Mammals
The hallmark of mammals is having mammary glands. Milk is produced by glands (mammae) found in the stomach or chest area. Mammals are also called mammals because they feed their children.
Mammalian bodies are covered by hair which functions as insulation that slows heat exchange with the environment, all the sense of touch, among others, on the mustache, as a protector from friction or sunlight, as an undercover or defense to protect from prey, and as a sex identifier.
Mammals reproduce by giving birth (viviparous). These animals have homoiterm body temperature (fixed body temperature) and breathe with the lungs. Mammals have a more developed brain compared to other vertebrate animals.
Mammals
Characteristics of Vertebrate Animals
Have nerves consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Breathing with skin lungs and gills.
Having a round gland and endoxin which produces controlling hormones.
Having a hot and fixed body temperature (homoiternal) or cold body temperature in accordance with environmental conditions (poikiloternal).
The digestive tract extends from the mouth to the anus, which is located next to the vertran and behind.
Skin epidermis (outer) and endodermal skin (inner).
Paired reproductive organs, except for birds.
Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Vertebrate Animals are;
a) Characteristics of Pisces
Morphological Characteristics:
Covered by scales and has lateral lines to determine swimming direction and position
The body consists of the head
The framework is composed of true bones. There are no ears
Anatomical Characteristics:
Having a heart, but the stomach is only an enlargement of the intestine. In the intestine there are spiral valves
Having gills that have operculum and gill slits. Swimming bubbles consist of oxygen, CO₂, N₂, and function as respiratory aids. In dipnoi there are pneumatosistas that function as lungs when fish live in mud that contains little water
Two blood bear hearts get O₂ in the gill filaments
Having pronephrons or kidneys. In Aghata there is no Ginjakl portal system
The brain consists of 5 parts 10 cranial nerves Female animals have a pair of ovaries and a pair of oviducts, oviparous, or viviparous
b) Characteristics of Amphibians
Morphological Characteristics:
Can live in water and on land or humid places
Also called animals that have a place to live (habitat) in two realms
Animals breathe with lungs and skin. Frog tadpoles eggs and live in water then after
Skin consists of dermis. Does not have auricle
Anatomical Characteristics:
Perfect digestion, jaw too Tongue mouth.
Respiratory devices in the form of lungs, skin, and gills. Gas exchange occurs in the skin. Larfa breathes with gills
Three bear hearts, two porches and one cubicle. Closed blood circulation is found in the carotid, systemic, and pulmonary arteries. It has 3 types of veins, namely the vein, the portal vein and the pulmonary vein.
Mesonephroid-type kidneys with urine pass through the cloaca. Urinary interest is a thin bubble on the ventral side of the cloaca. The brain is divided into five parts with 10 cranial nerves. Have endocrine gland and thyroid gland. Eggs wrapped in gelatin, placed in water, hatched into larvae and metamorphosed into adult frogs.
c) Characteristics of Reptile
Morphological Characteristics:
Dry skin scaly from horns because of the substance kertin
Cold-blooded (porkolioconal) that is whose body temperature is affected by environmental temperature
Movements in the form of legs and tail Does not have auricle
Anatomical Characteristics:
Have heart, prankeas, teeth, and tongue
Lung breathing with long tracheal ringed in cartilage
Has 2 aortas that turn left and right. Heart bear 4, which is 2 porches, and 2 chambers but the bulkhead between 2 bases is not perfect. Have nucleated erythrocytes
Having a pair of flat kidneys, there is a ureter that empties into the cloaca, although it also has a urinary content
The central nervous system is a brain with 12 pairs of cranial nerves that can be highlighted. Eggshell.
d) Characteristics of Aves
Morphological Characteristics:
Vision, hearing and sound devices are well developed
Bloody hot (homoioteral)
Furry skin
Do not have ears have wings
Anatomical Characteristics:
Having saliva, pancreatic glands, and liver that produces bile
Breathing with the lungs is connected with air sacs which are also connected with the pipe bones
The heart is encased in the pericardium membrane, bear 4 namely 2 atria, 2 vertical, with a perfect room divider. The aortic arch on the right. Only has 1 port system
Metanephron type kidneys. Does not have urinary bladder. Renal portal veins are not divided into kidney pillars
Central nervous system of the brain with 12 pairs of cranial nerves
Male animals do not have a penis, female animals only have one ovary